cpu.h

RTEMS (Real-Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems) is a free open source real-time operating sys

 *     - preparing the stack and frame pointers
 *     - setting the proper interrupt level in the context
 *     - initializing the floating point context
 *
 *  This routine generally does not set any unnecessary register
 *  in the context.  The state of the "general data" registers is
 *  undefined at task start time.
 *
 *  NOTE: This is_fp parameter is TRUE if the thread is to be a floating
 *        point thread.  This is typically only used on CPUs where the
 *        FPU may be easily disabled by software such as on the SPARC
 *        where the PSR contains an enable FPU bit.
 */

#define _CPU_Context_Initialize( _the_context, _stack_base, _size, \
                                 _isr, _entry_point, _is_fp ) \
  do{ /* allocate 1/4 of stack for memory stack, 3/4 of stack for register stack */           \
      unsigned32 _mem_stack_tmp = (unsigned32)(_stack_base) + (_size);  \
      unsigned32 _reg_stack_tmp = (unsigned32)(_stack_base) + (((_size)*3)/4); \
      _mem_stack_tmp &= ~(CPU_ALIGNMENT-1);                         \
      _reg_stack_tmp &= ~(CPU_ALIGNMENT-1);                         \
      _CPU_Context_save(_the_context);				    \
      (_the_context)->msp = _mem_stack_tmp;           /* gr125 */   \
      (_the_context)->lr1 =                                         \
      (_the_context)->locals[1] =                                   \
      (_the_context)->rfb = _reg_stack_tmp;           /* gr127 */   \
      (_the_context)->gr1 = _reg_stack_tmp - 4 * 4;                 \
      (_the_context)->rab = _reg_stack_tmp - 128 * 4; /* gr126 */   \
      (_the_context)->local_count = 1-1;			    \
      (_the_context)->PC1 = _entry_point;                           \
      (_the_context)->PC0 = (unsigned32)((char *)_entry_point + 4); \
      if (_isr) { (_the_context)->OPS |= (TD | DI); }               \
      else                                                          \
                { (_the_context)->OPS &= ~(TD | DI); }              \
  }while(0)

/*
 *  This routine is responsible for somehow restarting the currently
 *  executing task.  If you are lucky, then all that is necessary
 *  is restoring the context.  Otherwise, there will need to be
 *  a special assembly routine which does something special in this
 *  case.  Context_Restore should work most of the time.  It will
 *  not work if restarting self conflicts with the stack frame
 *  assumptions of restoring a context.
 */

#define _CPU_Context_Restart_self( _the_context ) \
   _CPU_Context_restore( (_the_context) )

/*
 *  The purpose of this macro is to allow the initial pointer into
 *  a floating point context area (used to save the floating point
 *  context) to be at an arbitrary place in the floating point
 *  context area.
 *
 *  This is necessary because some FP units are designed to have
 *  their context saved as a stack which grows into lower addresses.
 *  Other FP units can be saved by simply moving registers into offsets
 *  from the base of the context area.  Finally some FP units provide
 *  a "dump context" instruction which could fill in from high to low
 *  or low to high based on the whim of the CPU designers.
 */

#define _CPU_Context_Fp_start( _base, _offset ) \
   ( (char *) (_base) + (_offset) )

/*
 *  This routine initializes the FP context area passed to it to.
 *  There are a few standard ways in which to initialize the
 *  floating point context.  The code included for this macro assumes
 *  that this is a CPU in which a "initial" FP context was saved into
 *  _CPU_Null_fp_context and it simply copies it to the destination
 *  context passed to it.
 *
 *  Other models include (1) not doing anything, and (2) putting
 *  a "null FP status word" in the correct place in the FP context.
 */

#define _CPU_Context_Initialize_fp( _destination ) \
  do { \
   *((Context_Control_fp *) *((void **) _destination)) = _CPU_Null_fp_context; \
  } while(0)

/* end of Context handler macros */

/* Fatal Error manager macros */

/*
 *  This routine copies _error into a known place -- typically a stack
 *  location or a register, optionally disables interrupts, and
 *  halts/stops the CPU.
 */

#define _CPU_Fatal_halt( _error ) \
	a29k_fatal_error(_error)

/* end of Fatal Error manager macros */

/* Bitfield handler macros */

/*
 *  This routine sets _output to the bit number of the first bit
 *  set in _value.  _value is of CPU dependent type Priority_Bit_map_control.
 *  This type may be either 16 or 32 bits wide although only the 16
 *  least significant bits will be used.
 *
 *  There are a number of variables in using a "find first bit" type
 *  instruction.
 *
 *    (1) What happens when run on a value of zero?
 *    (2) Bits may be numbered from MSB to LSB or vice-versa.
 *    (3) The numbering may be zero or one based.
 *    (4) The "find first bit" instruction may search from MSB or LSB.
 *
 *  RTEMS guarantees that (1) will never happen so it is not a concern.
 *  (2),(3), (4) are handled by the macros _CPU_Priority_mask() and
 *  _CPU_Priority_bits_index().  These three form a set of routines
 *  which must logically operate together.  Bits in the _value are
 *  set and cleared based on masks built by _CPU_Priority_mask().
 *  The basic major and minor values calculated by _Priority_Major()
 *  and _Priority_Minor() are "massaged" by _CPU_Priority_bits_index()
 *  to properly range between the values returned by the "find first bit"
 *  instruction.  This makes it possible for _Priority_Get_highest() to
 *  calculate the major and directly index into the minor table.
 *  This mapping is necessary to ensure that 0 (a high priority major/minor)
 *  is the first bit found.
 *
 *  This entire "find first bit" and mapping process depends heavily
 *  on the manner in which a priority is broken into a major and minor
 *  components with the major being the 4 MSB of a priority and minor
 *  the 4 LSB.  Thus (0 << 4) + 0 corresponds to priority 0 -- the highest
 *  priority.  And (15 << 4) + 14 corresponds to priority 254 -- the next
 *  to the lowest priority.
 *
 *  If your CPU does not have a "find first bit" instruction, then
 *  there are ways to make do without it.  Here are a handful of ways
 *  to implement this in software:
 *
 *    - a series of 16 bit test instructions
 *    - a "binary search using if's"
 *    - _number = 0
 *      if _value > 0x00ff
 *        _value >>=8
 *        _number = 8;
 *
 *      if _value > 0x0000f
 *        _value >=8
 *        _number += 4
 *
 *      _number += bit_set_table[ _value ]
 *
 *    where bit_set_table[ 16 ] has values which indicate the first
 *      bit set
 */

#define CPU_USE_GENERIC_BITFIELD_CODE TRUE
#define CPU_USE_GENERIC_BITFIELD_DATA TRUE

#if (CPU_USE_GENERIC_BITFIELD_CODE == FALSE)

#define _CPU_Bitfield_Find_first_bit( _value, _output ) \
  { \
    (_output) = 0;   /* do something to prevent warnings */ \
  }

#endif

/* end of Bitfield handler macros */

/*
 *  This routine builds the mask which corresponds to the bit fields
 *  as searched by _CPU_Bitfield_Find_first_bit().  See the discussion
 *  for that routine.
 */

#if (CPU_USE_GENERIC_BITFIELD_CODE == FALSE)

#define _CPU_Priority_Mask( _bit_number ) \
  ( 1 << (_bit_number) )

#endif

/*
 *  This routine translates the bit numbers returned by
 *  _CPU_Bitfield_Find_first_bit() into something suitable for use as
 *  a major or minor component of a priority.  See the discussion
 *  for that routine.
 */

#if (CPU_USE_GENERIC_BITFIELD_CODE == FALSE)

#define _CPU_Priority_bits_index( _priority ) \
  (_priority)

#endif

/* end of Priority handler macros */

/* functions */

/*
 *  _CPU_Initialize
 *
 *  This routine performs CPU dependent initialization.
 */

void _CPU_Initialize(
  rtems_cpu_table  *cpu_table,
  void      (*thread_dispatch)()
);

/*
 *  _CPU_ISR_install_raw_handler
 *
 *  This routine installs a "raw" interrupt handler directly into the 
 *  processor's vector table.
 */
 
void _CPU_ISR_install_raw_handler(
  unsigned32  vector,
  proc_ptr    new_handler,
  proc_ptr   *old_handler
);

/*
 *  _CPU_ISR_install_vector
 *
 *  This routine installs an interrupt vector.
 */

void _CPU_ISR_install_vector(
  unsigned32  vector,
  proc_ptr    new_handler,
  proc_ptr   *old_handler
);

/*
 *  _CPU_Install_interrupt_stack
 *
 *  This routine installs the hardware interrupt stack pointer.
 *
 *  NOTE:  It need only be provided if CPU_HAS_HARDWARE_INTERRUPT_STACK
 *         is TRUE.
 */

void _CPU_Install_interrupt_stack( void );

/*
 *  _CPU_Thread_Idle_body
 *
 *  This routine is the CPU dependent IDLE thread body.
 *
 *  NOTE:  It need only be provided if CPU_PROVIDES_IDLE_THREAD_BODY
 *         is TRUE.
 */

void _CPU_Thread_Idle_body( void );

/*
 *  _CPU_Context_switch
 *
 *  This routine switches from the run context to the heir context.
 */

void _CPU_Context_switch(
  Context_Control  *run,
  Context_Control  *heir
);

/*
 *  _CPU_Context_restore
 *
 *  This routine is generally used only to restart self in an
 *  efficient manner.  It may simply be a label in _CPU_Context_switch.
 *
 *  NOTE: May be unnecessary to reload some registers.
 */

void _CPU_Context_restore(
  Context_Control *new_context
);

/*
 *  _CPU_Context_save_fp
 *
 *  This routine saves the floating point context passed to it.
 */

void _CPU_Context_save_fp(
  void **fp_context_ptr
);

/*
 *  _CPU_Context_restore_fp
 *
 *  This routine restores the floating point context passed to it.
 */

void _CPU_Context_restore_fp(
  void **fp_context_ptr
);

/*  The following routine swaps the endian format of an unsigned int.
 *  It must be static because it is referenced indirectly.
 *
 *  This version will work on any processor, but if there is a better
 *  way for your CPU PLEASE use it.  The most common way to do this is to:
 *
 *     swap least significant two bytes with 16-bit rotate
 *     swap upper and lower 16-bits
 *     swap most significant two bytes with 16-bit rotate
 *
 *  Some CPUs have special instructions which swap a 32-bit quantity in
 *  a single instruction (e.g. i486).  It is probably best to avoid
 *  an "endian swapping control bit" in the CPU.  One good reason is
 *  that interrupts would probably have to be disabled to insure that
 *  an interrupt does not try to access the same "chunk" with the wrong
 *  endian.  Another good reason is that on some CPUs, the endian bit
 *  endianness for ALL fetches -- both code and data -- so the code
 *  will be fetched incorrectly.
 */
 
#define CPU_swap_u32( value ) \
  ((value&0xff) << 24) | (((value >> 8)&0xff) << 16) | \
    (((value >> 16)&0xff) << 8) | ((value>>24)&0xff) 

#define CPU_swap_u16( value ) \
  (((value&0xff) << 8) | ((value >> 8)&0xff))

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif