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<HTML> <HEAD> <META HTTP-EQUIV="content-type" CONTENT="text/html;charset=windows-1252"> <META NAME="generator" CONTENT="GoLive CyberStudio"> <TITLE>Developing Software in Assembly Language by Valvano</TITLE> <META NAME="Template" CONTENT="D:\MSOFFICE\OFFICE\html.dot"> </HEAD> <BODY LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#800080"> <P><B><FONT SIZE="4"><A NAME="top"></A>Developing Software in Assembly Language<BR> By Jonathan W. Valvano<BR> <BR> </FONT></B>牋牋燭his article, which discusses assembly language programming, accompanies the book <U>Embedded Microcomputer Systems: Real Time Interfacing</U> published by Brooks-Cole, copyright (c) 2000. </P> <P>牋牋燜or an introduction describing how to run the application <B><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">TExaS</FONT></B>, see the help files included with the application. To develop assembly language software, we first use an editor to create our <U>source code</U>. Source code contains specific commands in human-readable-form. Next, we use an <U>assembler</U> to translate our source code into <U>object code</U>. Object code contains the specific commands in machine-readable-form. When developing software for a real microcomputer, a loader is used to place the object code into our computer's memory. We test our program with the aid of a debugger. For more information on the allocation into specific type of memory within the embedded microcomputer see the section on Memory Allocation in Chapter 2 of <U>Embedded Microcomputer Systems: Real Time Interfacing</U> by Jonathan W. Valvano. In the final product, the power on reset is used to start software execution after power is supplied to the microcomputer. If the object code is to be stored in EPROM, we can use an EPROM programmer. Many microcomputers contain built in features that assist in programming its EPROM, while other microcomputers require a separate apparatus to program. The following figure outlines the software development process.<BR> <IMG SRC="AssFig1.gif" WIDTH="428" HEIGHT="374"></P> <P>This document has four overall parts:</P> <P><A HREF="intro.htm">Overview</A> <B><FONT SIZE="4"><BR> </FONT></B>牋牋The <B>overview</B> section includes a simple case study illustrating the software development process. The basic terminology used in assembly language development is defined and examples are given. The development environments of evaluation boards and simulation are introduced.</P> <P><A HREF="syntax.htm">Syntax</A> <B><FONT SIZE="4"><BR> </FONT></B>牋牋The <B>syntax</B> section defines the various components of an assembly program. Some of specific topics include <A HREF="syntax.htm#labels">labels</A>, <A HREF="syntax.htm#operation">op codes</A>, <A HREF="syntax.htm#pseudo">pseudo-op codes</A>, <FONT COLOR="#0000FF">numbers</FONT>, <FONT COLOR="#FF00FF">strings</FONT>,<FONT COLOR="#FF00FF"> </FONT><A HREF="syntax.htm#operand">operands</A>, <A HREF="syntax.htm#comments">comments</A><FONT COLOR="#008000"> </FONT>and <A HREF="syntax.htm#errors">assembly errors</A>. Descriptions of the assembly opcodes and their addressing modes for the 6805, 6808, 6811 and 6812 can be found in the help file of the application <B><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">TExaS</FONT></B>. This application can be found on the CD accompanying the book.<B><FONT SIZE="4"><BR> <BR> </FONT></B><A HREF="local.htm">Local variables</A><B><FONT SIZE="4"><BR> </FONT></B>牋牋<B>Local variables</B> are an important topic in assembly language programming. This document defines methodologies for implementing local variables on the 6808 6811 and 6812. There are examples of how C compilers generate local variables. The particular environments illustrated include the Symantec Think C version 7 for the 68K Macintosh, the ImageCraft ICC11 version 4.0 for the Motorola 6811, the ImageCraft ICC12 version 4.0 for the Motorola 6812, and the Borland C version 3 for the Intel 386 IBM-PC.</P> <P><A HREF="exmple.htm">Examples</A><B><FONT SIZE="4"><BR> </FONT></B>牋牋Observing working <B>examples</B> is an effective method for learning assembly language programming. Included in subsection are many 6812 assembly language programs on <A HREF="control.htm">if-then, for-loop, while-loop</A>, <A HREF="math.htm">addition, subtraction, multiplication, digital filters, table interpolation</A>, <A HREF="shift.htm">shifting</A>, <A HREF="stack.htm">stack initialization, interrupt vectors</A><A HREF="fifo.htm">, first in first out queues</A>, and<A HREF="inter.htm"> command interpreters</A>. The example subsection of this html document only includes 6812 code, but there are many more examples for the 6805, 6808, 6811 and 6812 installed with the application <B><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">TExaS</FONT></B>. Some examples are RTF files, which can be found in the MC6805, MC6808, MC6811 and MC6812 subdirectories. These examples can be loaded directly into the simulator and executed. Other examples can be found as part of the help file of <B><FONT COLOR="#0000FF">TExaS</FONT></B>.</P> <P>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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