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GNU make Version 3.79中文版

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<div class="Section1" style="">

<h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">GNU Make 使用手册（中译版）<o:p></o:p></span></h1>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">翻译：于凤昌<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">译者注：本人在阅读<span lang="EN-US">Linux源代码过程中发现如果要全面了解Linux的结构、理解Linux的编程总体设计及思想必须首先全部读通Linux源代码中各级的Makefile文件。目前，在网上虽然有一些著作，但都不能全面的解释Linux源代码中各级的Makefile文件，因此本人认真阅读了GNU
Make 使用手册（3.79）版原文，在此基础上翻译了该手册，以满足对Linux源代码有兴趣或者希望采用GCC编写程序但对缺乏GNU
Make全面了解之人士的需要。本人是业余爱好不是专业翻译人士，如果有问题请通过电子信箱与我联系共同商讨，本人的E-mail为：<a href="mailto:[e-mail]">[e-mail]</a> 。</span></span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">注意在文章中出现的斜体加粗字表示章节。</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">GNU </span><code><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体;">make</span></code><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"> Version 3.79<o:p></o:p></span></h1>

<h2><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">April 2000<o:p></o:p></span></h2>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">Richard M. Stallman and Roland McGrath<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 宋体;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]-->&#160;<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<h1><span style="font-family: 宋体;">目录<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">1 <a href="#_1_Make_%B8%C5%CA%F6"><code><span style="">make概述</span></code></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">1.1 <a href="#_1.1%D4%F5%D1%F9%D4%C4%B6%C1%B1%BE%CA%D6%B2%E1">怎样阅读本手册</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">1.2 <a href="#_1.2%CE%CA%CC%E2%BA%CDBUG">问题和BUG</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">2 <a href="#_2_Makefile%CE%C4%BC%FE%BD%E9%C9%DC">Makefile文件介绍</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">2.1 <a href="#_2.1_%B9%E6%D4%F2%B5%C4%D1%F9%CA%BD">规则的格式</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">2.2<a href="#_2.2%D2%BB%B8%F6%BC%F2%B5%A5%B5%C4Makefile%CE%C4%BC%FE">一个简单的Makefile文件</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">2.3<a href="#_2.3_make%CA%C7%B4%A6%C0%EDmakefile%CE%C4%BC%FE%B5%C4%B9%FD%B3%CC">make处理Makefile文件的过程</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">2.4<a href="#_2.4%CA%B9%D3%C3%B1%E4%C1%BF%BC%F2%BB%AFmakefile%CE%C4%BC%FE">使用变量简化Makefile文件</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">2.5<a href="#_2.5_%C8%C3make%CD%C6%B6%CF%C3%FC%C1%EE">让make推断命令</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">2.6<a href="#_2.6_%C1%ED%D2%BB%D6%D6%B7%E7%B8%F1%B5%C4makefile%CE%C4%BC%FE">另一种风格的Makefile文件</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">2.7<a href="#_2.7_%D4%DA%C4%BF%C2%BC%D6%D0%C9%BE%B3%FD%CE%C4%BC%FE%B5%C4%B9%E6%D4%F2">在目录中删除文件的规则</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">3<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size-adjust: none;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;"><a href="#_3_%B1%E0%D0%B4makefile%CE%C4%BC%FE">编写Makefile文件</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">3.1<a href="#_3.1_makefile%CE%C4%BC%FE%B5%C4%C4%DA%C8%DD">Makefile文件的内容</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">3.2<a href="#_3.2_makfile%CE%C4%BC%FE%C3%FB%D7%D6%B5%C4%B9%E6%B6%A8">Makefile文件的命名</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">3.3<a href="#_3.3_%B0%FC%BA%AC%C6%E4%CB%FC%B5%C4makefile%CE%C4%BC%FE">包含其它的Makefile文件</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">3.4<a href="#_3.4_%BB%B7%BE%B3%B1%E4%C1%BFmakefiles"><code><span style="">变量MAKEFILES</span></code></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">3.5<a href="#_3.5_makefile%CE%C4%BC%FE%D6%D8%D0%C2%C9%FA%B3%C9%B5%C4%B9%FD%B3%CC">Makefile文件重新生成的过程</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">3.6<a href="#_3.6_%BD%E2%BE%F6%C6%E4%CB%FCmakefile%CE%C4%BC%FE%D6%D0%B5%C4%B3%E5%CD%BB">重载其它Makefile文件</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">3.7<a href="#_3.7_make%B6%C1%C8%A1makefile%CE%C4%BC%FE%B5%C4%B9%FD%B3%CC">make读取Makefile文件的过程</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">4 <a href="#_4%B1%E0%D0%B4%B9%E6%D4%F2">编写规则</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">4.1<a href="#_4.1%B9%E6%D4%F2%B5%C4%D3%EF%B7%A8">规则的语法</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">4.2<a href="#_4.2_%D4%DA%CE%C4%BC%FE%C3%FB%D6%D0%CA%B9%D3%C3%CD%A8%C5%E4%B7%FB">在文件名中使用通配符</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 90pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">4.2.1<a href="#_4.2.1%CD%A8%C5%E4%B7%FB%B5%C4%C0%FD%D7%D3">通配符例子</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 90pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">4.2.2<a href="#_4.2.2%CA%B9%D3%C3%CD%A8%C5%E4%B7%FB%B5%C4%B3%A3%BC%FB%B4%ED%CE%F3">使用通配符的常见错误</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 90pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">4.2.3<a href="#_4.2.3%CD%A8%C5%E4%B7%FB%BA%AF%CA%FD"><code><span style="">函数wildcard</span></code></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">4.3<a href="#_4.3%D4%DA%B2%BB%CD%AC%CE%C4%BC%FE%BC%D0%D6%D0%CB%D1%D1%B0%D2%C0%C0%B5">在目录中搜寻依赖</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 90pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">4.3.1<a href="#_4.3.1_VPATH%A3%BA%CB%F9%D3%D0%D2%C0%C0%B5%B5%C4%CB%D1%D1%B0%C2%B7%BE%B6">VPATH:所有依赖的搜寻路径</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 90pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">4.3.2<a href="#_4.3.2_vpath%D6%B8%C1%EE">vpath指令</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 90pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">4.3.3<a href="#_4.3.3%CE%C4%BC%FE%BC%D0%B5%C4%CB%D1%D1%B0%B9%FD%B3%CC">目录搜寻过程</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 90pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">4.3.4<a href="#_4.3.4_%CE%AA%CE%C4%BC%FE%BC%D0%CB%D1%D1%B0%B1%E0%D0%B4shell%C3%FC%C1%EE">编写搜寻目录的shell命令</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 90pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">4.3.5<a href="#_4.3.5_%CE%C4%BC%FE%BC%D0%CB%D1%D1%B0%BA%CD%D2%FE%BA%AC%B9%E6%D4%F2">目录搜寻和隐含规则</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 90pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">4.3.6<a href="#_4.3.6_%C1%AC%BD%D3%BF%E2%B5%C4%CE%C4%BC%FE%BC%D0%CB%D1%D1%B0">连接库的搜寻目录</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">4.4<a href="#_4.4%BC%D9%CF%EB%C4%BF%B1%EA">假想目标</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>