book_text5.htm

深入编程内幕vc++ 非常适合处学者学习

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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">应用程序之间进行交流的界面。在生成这个类的对象后，这个对象自动地把自身与</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系统建立联系，接收</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">传送的消息，并交给程序中相应的对象去处理，这就免去了程序员许多的工作，使得开发</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">C++</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">程序变得简单方便。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            <H3 style="mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt"><A name=_Toc419881626><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bookmark: _Toc419740444; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">3．2 
            类CMAINFRAME</SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是由</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中的</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">派生来的，所以它也是一个框架窗口。前面已经指出，</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">CMAINFRAME</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是类</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的父类，也就是说</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">类的对象显示在主框架窗口的客户区中。在类</SPAN><SPAN 
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            </SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中，系统已经从类</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">那里继承了处理窗口的一般事件的</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">消息，比如改变窗口的大小，窗口最小化等等的成员函数，因此编程的时候程序员不需要再关心此类消息的处理，从而减轻了程序员的负担。当然，如果确实需要重新编写处理此类消息的成员函数，则需要对原有的成员函数进行重载。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">程序中，我们并不需要经常对</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">类进行操作，更多的是对视窗类进行操作，达到对程序中的数据进行编辑和修改的目的。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">最后要指出的是，在</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">方式的程序中，当程序的一个实例被运行的时候，系统根据前面在</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">CMYAPP</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">类中介绍的文档模板对象自动生成类</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的对象，而不需要程序员主动地去创建这些类的对象。</SPAN><SPAN 
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            <H3 style="mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt"><A name=_Toc419881627><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bookmark: _Toc419740445; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">3．3类CMyView与CMyDoc</SPAN></A><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之所以把<SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>CMyView类和CMyDoc类一起介绍是因为这两个类是密切相关的，</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">下面的框图可以说明文档与视窗的关系：</SPAN></P>
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            align=center><IMG height=185 src="book_text5.files/2_c.gif" 
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            align=left>　　在这个框图当中，文档是由文档模板对象生成的，并由应用程序对象管理，而用户则是通过与文档相联系的视窗对象来存储、管理应用程序的数据，用户与文档之间的交互则是通过与文档相关联的视窗对象来进行的。<BR>　　生成一个新的文档的时候，MFC程序同时生成一个框架窗口，并且在框架窗口的客户区中生成一个视窗对象作为框架窗口的子窗口，这个子窗口以可视化的方式表现文档中的内容。视窗的重要功能就是负责处理用户的鼠标、键盘等操作，通过对视窗对象的处理达到处理文档对象的目的。<BR>　　要指出的一点是，WINDOWS应用程序分单文档界面SDI和多文档界面MDI两种，在单文档界面中，文档窗口与主框架窗口是同一概念。而这时的视窗对象则是显示在文档窗口的客户区当中。我们先前生成的TEST程序使用的就是单文档界面方式，此时文档窗口是主框架窗口，即类CMAINFRAME的对象。</P>
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