book_text5.htm

深入编程内幕vc++ 非常适合处学者学习

            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这个图表表示了使用</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">MFC</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">方式的应用程序的四个主要类之间的关系，从中可以看出，</SPAN><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">CMYAPP</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">类主要的作用是用来处理消息的，它统一管理程序收到的所有的消息，然后把消息分配到相应的对象。</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">CMAINFRAME</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">CMYVIEW</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的父类，也就是说视窗</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">VIEW</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">显示在主框窗</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">MAINFRAME</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的客户区中。类</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">CMYVIEW</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的作用是显示数据，而数据的来源是类</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">CMYDOC</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，在</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">MFC</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">程序中，程序的数据是放在文档当中的，而显示数据则是利用视窗方式，文档与视窗分离带来的好处就是一个文档可以同时具有多个视窗，每个视窗只显示文档中的一部分数据，或者以特定的风格显示文档中的数据。文档与视窗分离的另一个好处就是在程序中可以处理多个文档，通过对不同的视窗的处理达到对不同的文档分别处理的目的。</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><O:P> 
            </O:P></SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal 
            style="TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt"><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">使用过传统的</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">WINDOWS</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">编程方法的人都知道，在应用程序中有一个重要的函数</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">WINMAIN</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（），这个函数是应用程序的基础，用户的操作所产生的消息正是经过这个函数的处理派送到对应的对象中进行处理。在</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">MFC</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">方式的</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">WINDOWS</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">应用程序中，用来处理消息的是系统自动生成的</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">MFC</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中的类</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">CWINAPP</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的派生类</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">CMYAPP</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，下面就从这个类开始介绍应用程序的框架。</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
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            </O:P></SPAN></P>
            <H3 style="mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt"><A name=_Toc419881625><SPAN 
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            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bookmark: _Toc419740443; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">3．1 
            类CMYAPP</SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><O:P> 
            </O:P></SPAN></H3>
            <P class=MsoNormal 
            style="TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt"><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">类</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">CMYAPP</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是应用程序运行的基础，注意这一行代码，可以看出这个类是由</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">MFC</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中的类</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">CWINAPP</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">派生来的。在这个类中除了有一般类都有的构造函数，一个重要的成员函数就是</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">INITINSTANCE</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，我们知道，在</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">WINDOWS</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">环境下面可以运行同一程序的多个实例，函数</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">INITINSTANCE</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的作用就是在生成的一个新的实例的时候，完成一些初始化的工作。注意这一行代码，它的作用就是生成一个</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">CMYAPP</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">类型的对象，生成的时候系统会主动调用</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">INITINSTANCE</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">函数完成一些必要的初始化工作。</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><O:P> 
            </O:P></SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal 
            style="TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt"><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">下面研究</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">INITINSTANCE 
            </SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">函数所做的事情，注意这一行代码，它定义了一个文档模板对象指针</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">PDOCTEMPLATE</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，通过</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">NEW</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">操作符，系统动态生成了这个文档模板对象，然后使用</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">ADDDOCTEMPLATE</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">函数把这个文档模板对象加入到应用程序所维护的文档模板链表当中，这个文档模板</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">PDOCTEMPLATE</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的作用就是把程序用到的框架窗口，</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">CMAINFRAME</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，文档</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">CMYDOC</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，视窗</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">CMYVIEW</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与应用对象</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">CMYAPP</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">联系起来。</SPAN><SPAN