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<TD width="95%" height=29><PRE><A name=_Toc419881649><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bookmark: _Toc419740467">四、<SPAN lang=EN-US>VC程序调试</SPAN></SPAN></A></PRE></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal
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style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在开发程序的过程中，经常需要查找程序中的错误，这就需要利用调试工具来帮助你进行程序的调试，当然目前有许多调试工具，而集成在<SPAN
lang=EN-US>VC中的调试工具以其强大的功能，一定使你爱不释手。下面我们先来介绍VC中的调试工具的使用。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt; mso-outline-level: 1"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">1
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">VC调试工具</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></B></P>
<H3 style="mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt"><A name=_Toc419881650><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bookmark: _Toc419740468">1．1
调试环境的建立</SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在<SPAN
lang=EN-US>VC中每当建立一个工程(Project)时,VC都会自动建立两个版本：Release版本,和Debug版本,正如其字面意思所说的，Release版本是当程序完成后,准备发行时用来编译的版本,而Debug版本是用在开发过程中进行调试时所用的版本。<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>DEBUG
版本当中，包含着MICROSOFT 格式的调试信息，不进行任何代码优化，而在RELEASE
版本对可执行程序的二进制代码进行了优化，但是其中不包含任何的调试信息。<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
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style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在新建立的工程中，你所看到是<SPAN
lang=EN-US>DEBUG版本，若要选择RELEASE版本，可以选择菜单PROJECT中的SETTING命令，这时屏幕上面弹出PROJECT
SETTEING 对话框，在SETTING
FOR下拉列表中选择RELEASE，按OK退出,如图4.1。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
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align=center><SPAN
style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><BR></SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><IMG
height=189 src="book_text11.files/book_t1.gif" width=287
v:shapes="_x0000_i1025"></SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><BR>图<SPAN
lang=EN-US>4.1</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在调试程序的时候必须使用<SPAN
lang=EN-US>DEBUG版本，我们可以在Project Setting
对话框的C/C++页中设置调试选项。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P align=center><SPAN style="mso-ignore: vglayout"><IMG height=239
src="book_text11.files/book_t2.gif" width=362
v:shapes="_x0000_s1026"></SPAN><BR><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图4.2<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">各个选项的含意如下：<SPAN
lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo106"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Program
Database表示产生一个存储程序信息的数据文件(.PDB),它包含了类型信息和符号化的调试信息；<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l102 level1 lfo107"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Line
Numbers Only表示程序经过编译和链接产生的.OBJ或.EXE文件仅仅包含全局和外部符号以及行号信息；<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo108"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">C7
Compatible表示产生一个.OBJ或.EXE文件行号信息以及符号化的调试信息；<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l105 level1 lfo109"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">None表示不产生任何调试信息。<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></B></P>
<H3 style="mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt"><A name=_Toc419881651><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bookmark: _Toc419740469">1．2调试的一般过程</SPAN></A><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">调试，说到底就是在程序的运行过程的某一阶段观测程序的状态<SPAN
lang=EN-US>,而在一般情况下程序是连续运行的，所以我们必须使程序在某一地点停下来。所以我们所做的第一项工作就是设立断点。其次,再运行程序,当程序在设立断点处停下来时,再利用各种工具观察程序的状态。程序在断点停下来后，有时我们需要按我们的要求控制程序的运行，以进一步观测程序的流向，所以下面我们依次来介绍断点的设置，如何控制程序的运行以及各种观察工具的利用。<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<H3 style="mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt"><A name=_Toc419881652><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bookmark: _Toc419740470">1．3
如何设置断点</SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></H3>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.3pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">在<SPAN
lang=EN-US>VC中，你可以设置多种类型的断点，我们可以根据断点起作用的方式把这些断点分为三类:1、与位置有关的断点；2、与逻辑条件有关的断点3、与WINDOWS消息有关的断点下面我们分别介绍这三类断点。<O:P>
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