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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html><head> <title></title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" type="text/css" href="./style.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" type="text/css" href="./design.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" href="./print.css" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /></head><body><a href=start.html>start</a></br><div class="toc"><div class="tocheader toctoggle" id="toc__header">Table of Contents</div><div id="toc__inside"><ul class="toc"><li class="level1"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="#the_linphone_porting_project_for_bf533_7_stamp" class="toc">The Linphone porting project for BF533/7 STAMP</a></span></div><ul class="toc"><li class="level2"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="#free_phone_calls" class="toc">Free Phone Calls?</a></span></div></li><li class="level2"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="#what_is_linphone" class="toc">What is Linphone?</a></span></div></li><li class="level2"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="#building_linphone" class="toc">Building Linphone</a></span></div></li><li class="level2"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="#running_linphone" class="toc">Running Linphone</a></span></div></li><li class="level2"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="#configuring_linphone" class="toc">Configuring Linphone</a></span></div><ul class="toc"><li class="level3"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="#the_.linphonec_config_file" class="toc">The .linphonec config file</a></span></div></li><li class="level3"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="#adding_a_proxy_to_linponec" class="toc">Adding a proxy to linponec</a></span></div></li></ul></li><li class="level2"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="#what_is_the_current_status_of_linphone_on_uclinux_bf533_7_stamp" class="toc">What is the current status of Linphone on uClinux BF533/7 STAMP?</a></span></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><h1><a name="the_linphone_porting_project_for_bf533_7_stamp" id="the_linphone_porting_project_for_bf533_7_stamp">The Linphone porting project for BF533/7 STAMP</a></h1><div class="level1"></div><!-- SECTION [1-63] --><h2><a name="free_phone_calls" id="free_phone_calls">Free Phone Calls?</a></h2><div class="level2"><p>Voice communication, as we use it in the modern age, was <a href="http://www3.iath.virginia.edu/albell/homepage.html" class="urlextern" title="http://www3.iath.virginia.edu/albell/homepage.html" rel="nofollow">developed</a> by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. Since then, the Telephone has not changed much. We still pick up the handset, dial a number (sometimes by voice), and are connected to a person at the other end. Almost nothing but style and color has changed in the user interface of a phone since then.</p><p>Using the internet as a phone service, may seem like Star Trek to some, but Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) began as the result of work done by some hobbyists in early 1995 when PC-to-PC communication was available. Later that same year, commercial software was released to run on a home PC (486/33 <acronym title="Megahertz">MHz</acronym>) with sound cards, speakers, microphone, and modem. The software compressed the voice signal, translated it into voice packets, and shipped it out over the Internet. The technology worked as long as both the caller and the receiver had the same equipment and software. Although the sound quality was nowhere near that of conventional equipment at the time, this effort represented the first VoIP phone. </p><p>In the past 10 years, many things have happened:</p><ul><li class="level1"><div class="li"> processors are more powerful - and cheaper</div></li><li class="level1"><div class="li"> The Internet has expanded - <a href="http://www.internetworldstats.com/emarketing.htm" class="urlextern" title="http://www.internetworldstats.com/emarketing.htm" rel="nofollow">IDC and IWS</a> say that in December of 1995 the Internet had 16 million users, and in June of 2006 is has 1,023 million (15.7% of the world population) .</div></li><li class="level1"><div class="li"> Broadband has become more affordable, and is rolled out to many more people. <a href="http://www.internetworldstats.com/pr/edi007.htm#3" class="urlextern" title="http://www.internetworldstats.com/pr/edi007.htm#3" rel="nofollow">Jupiter Research</a> predicted that up to 69 million households - 78 percent of U.S. online homes - would have broadband by 2010 if providers continue to lower their prices.</div></li><li class="level1"><div class="li"> VoIP standards have developed around <a href="http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/rtp/" class="urlextern" title="http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/rtp/" rel="nofollow">Real-time Transfer Protocol</a> (RTP) and <a href="http://www.cs.columbia.edu/sip/" class="urlextern" title="http://www.cs.columbia.edu/sip/" rel="nofollow">Session Initiation Protocol</a> (SIP)</div></li><li class="level1"><div class="li"> Voice Compression Codecs<a href="#fn__1" name="fnt__1" id="fnt__1" class="fn_top" onmouseover="fnt('1', this, event);">1)</a>, standardize on <a href="http://www.itu.int/home/" class="urlextern" title="http://www.itu.int/home/" rel="nofollow">International Telecommunications Union</a> (ITU) codecs, including but not limited to G.711, G.722, G.723.1, G.726, and G.729.</div></li><li class="level1"><div class="li"> Open Source, and IP free Voice codecs become available, which are very good. See a <a href="http://www.uninett.no/voip/codec.html" class="urlextern" title="http://www.uninett.no/voip/codec.html" rel="nofollow">comparison</a>.</div></li><li class="level1"><div class="li"> Open Source applications like <a href="http://www.linphone.org/?lang=us" class="urlextern" title="http://www.linphone.org/?lang=us" rel="nofollow">Linphone</a>, <a href="http://www.gnomemeeting.org/" class="urlextern" title="http://www.gnomemeeting.org/" rel="nofollow">Gnomemeeting</a>, and <a href="http://www.asterisk.org/" class="urlextern" title="http://www.asterisk.org/" rel="nofollow">Asterisk</a> allow people to break away from the PSTN.</div></li><li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="http://www.skype.com/" class="urlextern" title="http://www.skype.com/" rel="nofollow">Skype</a><a href="#fn__2" name="fnt__2" id="fnt__2" class="fn_top" onmouseover="fnt('2', this, event);">2)</a> shows people end users want VoIP if it all works - over <a href="http://share.skype.com/nice_graphs/" class="urlextern" title="http://share.skype.com/nice_graphs/" rel="nofollow">150 Million Downloads</a>, and 12.5 billion minutes (~23,766 years) have been served.</div></li></ul><p> Taking advantage of all these things, the developers who were working on Blackfin/uClinux ported the necessary components to the Blackfin/uClinux to allow you to make a phone call.</p><ul><li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="http://www.speex.org/" class="urlextern" title="http://www.speex.org/" rel="nofollow">Speex</a></div></li><li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="http://www.linphone.org/ortp/" class="urlextern" title="http://www.linphone.org/ortp/" rel="nofollow">oRTP</a> (which comes as part of Linphone, because it’s from the same author)</div></li><li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/osip/osip.html" class="urlextern" title="http://www.gnu.org/software/osip/osip.html" rel="nofollow">oSIP</a></div></li><li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="http://www.linphone.org/?lang=us" class="urlextern" title="http://www.linphone.org/?lang=us" rel="nofollow">Linphone</a></div></li></ul><p>All four modules have been incorporated into the Blackfin/uClinux <acronym title="Concurrent Versions System">CVS</acronym>, and should build properly by following the directions below.</p></div><!-- SECTION [64-4283] --><h2><a name="what_is_linphone" id="what_is_linphone">What is Linphone?</a></h2><div class="level2"><p><a href="http://www.linphone.org/?lang=us" class="urlextern" title="http://www.linphone.org/?lang=us" rel="nofollow">Linphone</a> lets you phone to your friends anywhere in the whole world, freely, simply by using the internet. The cost of the phone call is the cost that you spend connected to the internet. It is a SIP (Session Initiation Protocol,<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt" class="urlextern" title="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt" rel="nofollow">rfc3261</a>) compatible VoIP telephone application. As a SIP phone application it can call and receive calls from most of the SIP compatible hardware and software implementations. Such calls can either be direct, via a proxy or in most cases via a registrar, which is also able to route call from and into the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network). Such services are in a great variety available over the Internet. For the audio communication itself, Linphone supports the most commonly used CODECs G.711a/u, GSM, Speex, lpc10 and iLBC (the latter two currently not on Blackfin).</p><p>On a Linux host, it has a nice <acronym title="Graphical User Interface">GUI</acronym> (Gnome Desktop), and is available on the Blackfin as a console application <code>linphonec</code>. </p></div><!-- SECTION [4284-5324] --><h2><a name="building_linphone" id="building_linphone">Building Linphone</a></h2><div class="level2"><p> Adding <code>linphonec</code> to the Blackfin/uClinux build system is very trivial.</p><ol><li class="level1"><div class="li"> Add <a href="audio.html" class="wikilink1" title="audio.html">audio</a> to the system</div></li><li class="level1"><div class="li"> Add <code>linphonec</code> by selecting:<pre class="code"> Blackfin app programs ---> [*] Linphone, a SIP compatible VoIP phone </pre></div></li></ol><p> If you want to build <a href="linphone_out_of_tree.html" class="wikilink1" title="linphone_out_of_tree.html">Linphone out of tree</a>, please read on. </p></div><!-- SECTION [5325-5658] --><h2><a name="running_linphone" id="running_linphone">Running Linphone</a></h2><div class="level2"><p> To setup, and run linphone follow these simple steps:</p><ol><li class="level1"><div class="li"> Configure networking<pre class="code">root:~> ifconfiglo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0</pre><p>Means no networking is configured. If it responds back with something like</p><pre class="code">root:~> ifconfigeth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:E0:22:FE:06:1A inet addr:10.64.204.106 Bcast:10.64.204.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST NOTRAILERS RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:11 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 Interrupt:27 Base address:0x300 DMA chan:ff</pre><p>It means networking is configured, and you can skip the rest of this step. If networking is not configured, you must configure it. Do either of (but not both):</p></div><ol><li class="level2"><div class="li"> set the IP statically:<pre class="code">root:~> ifconfig eth0 10.64.204.106 up</pre><p> (and don’t forget to set a nameserver in <code>/etc/resolv.conf</code>) </p></div></li></ol></li></ol><p> OR</p><ol><li class="level1"><div class="li"> set the IP dynamically:<pre class="code">root:~> dhcpcd &33</pre></div></li><li class="level2"><div class="li"> Execute <code>linphonec</code> from your shell. Then you will see a command prompt<pre class="code">root:~> linphonecNLS disabled.Message:Found /dev/dsp.channel in masks set to 1023 = { 22 33 77 ff }Warning:Could not open /proc/modules.Message:Adding new codec PCMU/8000Message:Adding new codec GSM/8000Message:Adding new codec PCMA/8000Message:Adding new codec speex/8000Message:Adding new codec speex/16000Message:Adding new codec 1015/8000Ready.linphonec></pre></div></li></ol><p> You should know, that the <code>channel in masks</code> message is from the kernel, which tells you, that linphonec switched the input from line-in to mic. The <code>Adding new codec</code> messages are only printed at the first start of linphonec. After that a <code>.linphonec</code> configuration file is created, which can be changed with a text editor.</p><p>You can :</p><ul><li class="level1"><div class="li"> get help:<pre class="code">linphonec> helpCommands are:call answer terminate proxy call-logs ipv6Type 'help <command>' for more details.</pre></div></li><li class="level1"><div class="li"> call a user <code>foo</code> at a host ‘bar’ by typing <pre class="code">linphonec> call sip:foo@bar</pre></div></li></ul><p> Enjoy!</p></div><!-- SECTION [5659-8051] --><h2><a name="configuring_linphone" id="configuring_linphone">Configuring Linphone</a></h2><div class="level2"><p> In most cases there are some adjustments to the linphonec configuration necessary (like adding a proxy, setting different ports, configuring preferred codecs,...). There are a few ways to do this.</p><p>First, the config file is named <code>.linphonec</code> and resides in <code>~/</code> which means the users homedirectory. If you use the root account for example, you’ll find the <code>.linphonec</code> file in <code>/</code> which is the root users home directory. Of course it will only exists after it has been created from <code>linphonec</code> after its first invocation (if you can’t find it, use <code>ls -a</code> <img src="images/smileys/icon_wink.gif" align="middle" alt=";-)" /> ). For some configuration work, you can use <code>linphonec</code> directly (like adding a proxy) and for some other tasks you have to edit the config file (like setting a different port).</p><p>If you look at the config file, you’ll see that it has basically the same format like the windows <code>.ini</code> files. This means it has different sections that are separated with an identifier in <code>[]</code> and between them there are some sort of variable declaration <code>some_var=some_value</code>. This is a very easy format, which could easily be edited.</p><p>You can now start to edit the file with an editor of your choice. This could be the vi under uClinux (if you have problems with the vi editor, there are numerous resources on the web. Just google for vi introduction) or you can copy the file to your PC (with ftp or rcp for example) and edit it there.</p><p> <code>.linphonec</code> </p>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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