ch32_01.htm

编程珍珠,里面很多好用的代码,大家可以参考学习呵呵,

<td><tt class="literal">subs</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Predeclare the subroutine names in current the package<a name="INDEX-5649"></a><a name="INDEX-5650"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">vars</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Predeclare global variables (obsolete--see <tt class="literal">our</tt> in <a href="ch29_01.htm">Chapter 29, "Functions"</a>)<a name="INDEX-5651"></a><a name="INDEX-5652"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>


</table>






<h3 class="sect2">32.1.14. Convenient Classes</h3>

<p>
<a name="INDEX-5653"></a><a name="INDEX-5654"></a>
These modules provide base classes and other conveniences.</p>

<table border="1">

<tr>
<th>Module</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>




<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Tie::Array</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Provide a base class for tied arrays<a name="INDEX-5655"></a><a name="INDEX-5656"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Tie::Handle</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Provide base class definitions for tied handles<a name="INDEX-5657"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Tie::Hash</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Provide base class definitions for tied hashes<a name="INDEX-5658"></a><a name="INDEX-5659"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Tie::RefHash</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Provide references as hash keys<a name="INDEX-5660"></a><a name="INDEX-5661"></a><a name="INDEX-5662"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Tie::Scalar</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Provide base class definitions for tied scalars<a name="INDEX-5663"></a><a name="INDEX-5664"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Tie::SubstrHash</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Hash a fixed-size table with a fixed-length key<a name="INDEX-5665"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">UNIVERSAL</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Provide a base class for <em class="emphasis">all</em> classes (blessed references)<a name="INDEX-5666"></a><a name="INDEX-5667"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>


</table>






<h3 class="sect2">32.1.15. Warnings and Exceptions</h3>

<p>What to do when things go rwong.
<a name="INDEX-5668"></a><a name="INDEX-5669"></a><a name="INDEX-5670"></a>
</p>

<table border="1">

<tr>
<th>Module</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>




<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Carp</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Provide routines that <tt class="literal">warn</tt> and <tt class="literal">die</tt> from the perspective of the caller<a name="INDEX-5671"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">warnings</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Control warnings within the lexical scope<a name="INDEX-5672"></a><a name="INDEX-5673"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>


</table>






<h3 class="sect2">32.1.16. Documentation Support</h3>

<p>And there's an awful lot of documentation to support.
<a name="INDEX-5674"></a><a name="INDEX-5675"></a>
</p>

<table border="1">

<tr>
<th>Module</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>




<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Pod::Checker</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Check pod documents for syntax errors (used by <em class="emphasis">podchecker</em>(1))<a name="INDEX-5676"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Pod::Functions</tt></td>
<td>
<p>List built-in functions by type<a name="INDEX-5677"></a><a name="INDEX-5678"></a><a name="INDEX-5679"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Pod::Html</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Convert pod files to HTML (used by <em class="emphasis">pod2html</em>(1))<a name="INDEX-5680"></a><a name="INDEX-5681"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Pod::InputObjects</tt><a name="INDEX-5682"></a></td>
<td>
<p>Manage documentation support</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Pod::Man</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Convert pod to <em class="emphasis">troff</em>(1) format for the <em class="emphasis">man</em>(1) system (used by <em class="emphasis">pod2man</em>(1))<a name="INDEX-5683"></a><a name="INDEX-5684"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Pod::Parser</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Provide a base class for creating pod filters and translators<a name="INDEX-5685"></a><a name="INDEX-5686"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Pod::Select</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Extract selected sections of pod from input (used by <em class="emphasis">podselect</em>(1))<a name="INDEX-5687"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Pod::Text</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Convert pod data to formatted ASCII text
(used by <em class="emphasis">pod2text</em>(1))<a name="INDEX-5688"></a><a name="INDEX-5689"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Pod::Text::Color</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Convert pod data to formatted ASCII text with ANSI color escapes</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Pod::Text::Termcap</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Convert pod data to ASCII text with terminal-specific escapes<a name="INDEX-5690"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Pod::Usage</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Print a usage message derived from embedded pod documentation<a name="INDEX-5691"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>


</table>






<h3 class="sect2">32.1.17. Module Installation Support</h3>

<p>These modules help other modules jump through various hoops.
<a name="INDEX-5692"></a><a name="INDEX-5693"></a>
</p>

<table border="1">

<tr>
<th>Module</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>




<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">AutoLoader</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Load subroutines only on demand<a name="INDEX-5694"></a><a name="INDEX-5695"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">AutoSplit</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Split a package for autoloading<a name="INDEX-5696"></a><a name="INDEX-5697"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">autouse</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Postpone module loading until a function is used from that module<a name="INDEX-5698"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">blib</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Use the library from <tt class="literal">MakeMaker</tt>'s uninstalled version of an extension<a name="INDEX-5699"></a><a name="INDEX-5700"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Config</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Access Perl configuration information<a name="INDEX-5701"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">CPAN</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Query, download, and build Perl modules from CPAN sites<a name="INDEX-5702"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Devel::SelfStubber</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Generate stubs for a module using <tt class="literal">SelfLoader</tt><a name="INDEX-5703"></a><a name="INDEX-5704"></a><a name="INDEX-5705"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">DynaLoader</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Dynamically load C or C++ libraries as Perl extensions<a name="INDEX-5706"></a><a name="INDEX-5707"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Exporter</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Implement default import method for traditional modules<a name="INDEX-5708"></a><a name="INDEX-5709"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">ExtUtils::Command</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Provide utilities to replace common external commands in <em class="emphasis">Makefile</em><a name="INDEX-5710"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">ExtUtils::Embed</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Provide utilities for embedding Perl in C or C++ programs<a name="INDEX-5711"></a><a name="INDEX-5712"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">ExtUtils::Install</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Install files into the system's Perl library<a name="INDEX-5713"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">ExtUtils::Installed</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Manage inventory of installed modules<a name="INDEX-5714"></a><a name="INDEX-5715"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">ExtUtils::Liblist</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Determine which libraries to use and how to use them<a name="INDEX-5716"></a><a name="INDEX-5717"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">ExtUtils::MakeMaker</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Create a <em class="emphasis">Makefile</em> for a Perl extension<a name="INDEX-5718"></a><a name="INDEX-5719"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">ExtUtils::Manifest</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Load tools to write and check a <em class="emphasis">MANIFEST</em> file<a name="INDEX-5720"></a><a name="INDEX-5721"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">ExtUtils::Miniperl</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Write the C code for <em class="emphasis">perlmain.c</em>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Create a bootstrap file for use by <tt class="literal">DynaLoader</tt><a name="INDEX-5722"></a><a name="INDEX-5723"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">ExtUtils::Mksymlists</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Write linker options files for dynamic extension<a name="INDEX-5724"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Override Unix behavior methods in <tt class="literal">ExtUtils::MakeMaker</tt><a name="INDEX-5725"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">ExtUtils::MM_OS2</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Override Unix behavior methods in <tt class="literal">ExtUtils::MakeMaker</tt><a name="INDEX-5726"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">ExtUtils::MM_Unix</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Provide methods used by <tt class="literal">ExtUtils::MakeMaker</tt><a name="INDEX-5727"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">ExtUtils::MM_VMS</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Override Unix behavior methods in <tt class="literal">ExtUtils::MakeMaker</tt><a name="INDEX-5728"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">ExtUtils::MM_Win32</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Override Unix behavior methods in <tt class="literal">ExtUtils::MakeMaker</tt><a name="INDEX-5729"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">ExtUtils::Packlist</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Manage <em class="emphasis">.packlist</em> files<a name="INDEX-5730"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">ExtUtils::testlib</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Add <em class="emphasis">blib/*</em> directories to <tt class="literal">@INC</tt><a name="INDEX-5731"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">FindBin</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Locate installation directory of the Perl program that is running<a name="INDEX-5732"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">lib</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Manipulate <tt class="literal">@INC</tt> at compile time<a name="INDEX-5733"></a><a name="INDEX-5734"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">SelfLoader</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Load functions only on demand<a name="INDEX-5735"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">XSLoader</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Dynamically load C or C++ libraries as Perl extensions<a name="INDEX-5736"></a><a name="INDEX-5737"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>


</table>






<h3 class="sect2">32.1.18. Development Support</h3>

<p>These modules are for timing and testing, to see how much faster
and cleaner your code doesn't run anymore.
<a name="INDEX-5738"></a>
</p>

<table border="1">

<tr>
<th>Module</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>




<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Benchmark</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Compare running times of alternate code versions<a name="INDEX-5739"></a><a name="INDEX-5740"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Test</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Use a simple framework for writing test scripts<a name="INDEX-5741"></a><a name="INDEX-5742"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">Test::Harness</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Run standard test scripts with statistics<a name="INDEX-5743"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>


</table>






<h3 class="sect2">32.1.19. Perl Compiler and Code Generator</h3>

<p>These modules support various backend code generators for Perl.
<a name="INDEX-5744"></a><a name="INDEX-5745"></a><a name="INDEX-5746"></a>
</p>

<table border="1">

<tr>
<th>Module</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>




<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">B</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Load Perl code generators (a.k.a. the "Perl compiler")<a name="INDEX-5747"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">B::Asmdata</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Provide autogenerated data about Perl ops to produce bytecode<a name="INDEX-5748"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">B::Assembler</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Assemble Perl bytecode<a name="INDEX-5749"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">B::Bblock</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Walk basic blocks in the syntax tree<a name="INDEX-5750"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">B::Bytecode</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Use the Perl compiler's bytecode backend<a name="INDEX-5751"></a><a name="INDEX-5752"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">B::C</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Use the Perl compiler's C translation backend<a name="INDEX-5753"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">B::CC</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Use the Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend<a name="INDEX-5754"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">B::Debug</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Walk the Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops<a name="INDEX-5755"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">B::Deparse</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Use the Perl compiler backend to reproduce Perl code<a name="INDEX-5756"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">B::Disassembler</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Disassemble Perl bytecode<a name="INDEX-5757"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">B::Lint</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Catch dubious constructs<a name="INDEX-5758"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">B::Showlex</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Show lexical variables used in functions or files<a name="INDEX-5759"></a><a name="INDEX-5760"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">B::Stash</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Show what stashes are loaded<a name="INDEX-5761"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">B::Terse</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Walk the Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops<a name="INDEX-5762"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">B::Xref</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Generate cross-reference reports for Perl programs<a name="INDEX-5763"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><tt class="literal">ByteLoader</tt></td>
<td>
<p>Load byte-compiled Perl code<a name="INDEX-5764"></a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>