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<html><head><title>Getopt::Std (Programming Perl)</title><!-- STYLESHEET --><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/style1.css"><!-- METADATA --><!--Dublin Core Metadata--><meta name="DC.Creator" content=""><meta name="DC.Date" content=""><meta name="DC.Format" content="text/xml" scheme="MIME"><meta name="DC.Generator" content="XSLT stylesheet, xt by James Clark"><meta name="DC.Identifier" content=""><meta name="DC.Language" content="en-US"><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><meta name="DC.Source" content="" scheme="ISBN"><meta name="DC.Subject.Keyword" content=""><meta name="DC.Title" content="Getopt::Std"><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Monograph"></head><body><!-- START OF BODY --><!-- TOP BANNER --><img src="gifs/smbanner.gif" usemap="#banner-map" border="0" alt="Book Home"><map name="banner-map"><AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="0,0,466,71" HREF="index.htm" ALT="Programming Perl"><AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="467,0,514,18" HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm" ALT="Search this book"></map><!-- TOP NAV BAR --><div class="navbar"><table width="515" border="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="172"><a href="ch32_27.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtpreva.gif" alt="Previous" border="0"></a></td><td align="center" valign="top" width="171"><a href="ch32_01.htm">Chapter 32: Standard Modules</a></td><td align="right" valign="top" width="172"><a href="ch32_29.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtnexta.gif" alt="Next" border="0"></a></td></tr></table></div><hr width="515" align="left"><!-- SECTION BODY --><h2 class="sect1">32.28. Getopt::Std</h2><p><blockquote><pre class="programlisting">use Getopt::Std;</pre></blockquote>You can use <tt class="literal">getopt</tt> and <tt class="literal">getopts</tt> with globals:<blockquote><pre class="programlisting">our ($opt_o, $opt_i, $opt_f);getopt('oif'); # -o, -i, and -f all take arguments. # Sets global $opt_* variables.getopts('oif:'); # Now -o & -i are boolean; -f takes an arg. # Still sets global $opt_* as side effect.</pre></blockquote>Or you can use them with a private options hash:<blockquote><pre class="programlisting">my %opts; # We'll place results here.getopt('oif', \%opts); # All three still take arguments.getopts('oif:', \%opts); # Now -o and -i are boolean flags # and only -f takes an argument.</pre></blockquote>The <tt class="literal">Getopt::Std</tt> module provides two functions, <tt class="literal">getopt</tt> and<tt class="literal">getopts</tt>, to help you parse command-line arguments for single-characteroptions. Of the two, <tt class="literal">getopts</tt> is the more useful because itlets you specify that some options take arguments and others don't,whereas <tt class="literal">getopt</tt> assumes all options take arguments. By specifyingto <tt class="literal">getopts</tt> a letter with a colon after it, you indicate thatthat argument takes an argument; otherwise, a Boolean flag isexpected. Standard option clustering is supported. Ordering doesn'tmatter, so options taking no arguments may be grouped together.Options that do take an argument must be the last in a group or bythemselves, and their argument may either come immediately after theoption in the same string, or else as the next program argument.Given the example <tt class="literal">getopts</tt> use above, these are equivalentcalls:<blockquote><pre class="programlisting">% <tt class="userinput"><b>prog -o -i -f TMPFILE more args here</b></tt>% <tt class="userinput"><b>prog -o -if TMPFILE more args here</b></tt>% <tt class="userinput"><b>prog -io -fTMPFILE more args here</b></tt>% <tt class="userinput"><b>prog -iofTMPFILE more args here</b></tt>% <tt class="userinput"><b>prog -oifTMPFILE more args here</b></tt></pre></blockquote></p><!-- BOTTOM NAV BAR --><hr width="515" align="left"><div class="navbar"><table width="515" border="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="172"><a href="ch32_27.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtpreva.gif" alt="Previous" border="0"></a></td><td align="center" valign="top" width="171"><a href="index.htm"><img src="../gifs/txthome.gif" alt="Home" border="0"></a></td><td align="right" valign="top" width="172"><a href="ch32_29.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtnexta.gif" alt="Next" border="0"></a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="172">32.27. Getopt::Long</td><td align="center" valign="top" width="171"><a href="index/index.htm"><img src="../gifs/index.gif" alt="Book Index" border="0"></a></td><td align="right" valign="top" width="172">32.29. IO::Socket</td></tr></table></div><hr width="515" align="left"><!-- LIBRARY NAV BAR --><img src="../gifs/smnavbar.gif" usemap="#library-map" border="0" alt="Library Navigation Links"><p><font size="-1"><a href="copyrght.htm">Copyright © 2001</a> O'Reilly & Associates. All rights reserved.</font></p><map name="library-map"> <area shape="rect" coords="2,-1,79,99" href="../index.htm"><area shape="rect" coords="84,1,157,108" href="../perlnut/index.htm"><area shape="rect" coords="162,2,248,125" href="../prog/index.htm"><area shape="rect" coords="253,2,326,130" href="../advprog/index.htm"><area shape="rect" coords="332,1,407,112" href="../cookbook/index.htm"><area shape="rect" coords="414,2,523,103" href="../sysadmin/index.htm"></map><!-- END OF BODY --></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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