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<html><head><title>Index: L</title></head><body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"><!-- START OF BODY --><!-- TOP BANNER --><p><img src="../gifs/smbanns.gif" usemap="#banner-map" border=0 alt="Book Home" ></p><map name="banner-map"><AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="0,0,466,71" HREF="../index.htm" ALT="Programming Perl"><AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="467,0,514,18" HREF="../jobjects/fsearch.htm" ALT="Search this book"></map><!-- TOP INDEX LINKS --><p><a href="idx_0.htm">Symbols</a>| <a href="idx_a.htm">A</a>| <a href="idx_b.htm">B</a>| <a href="idx_c.htm">C</a>| <a href="idx_d.htm">D</a>| <a href="idx_e.htm">E</a>| <a href="idx_f.htm">F</a>| <a href="idx_g.htm">G</a>| <a href="idx_h.htm">H</a>| <a href="idx_i.htm">I</a>| <a href="idx_j.htm">J</a>| <a href="idx_k.htm">K</a>| <a href="idx_l.htm">L</a>| <a href="idx_m.htm">M</a>| <a href="idx_n.htm">N</a>| <a href="idx_o.htm">O</a>| <a href="idx_p.htm">P</a>| <a href="idx_q.htm">Q</a>| <a href="idx_r.htm">R</a>| <a href="idx_s.htm">S</a>| <a href="idx_t.htm">T</a>| <a href="idx_u.htm">U</a>| <a href="idx_v.htm">V</a>| <a href="idx_w.htm">W</a>| <a href="idx_x.htm">X</a>| <a href="idx_y.htm">Y</a>| <a href="idx_z.htm">Z</a></FONT><!-- INDEX SECTION BODY --><H1>Index: L</H1><DL><a name="-l-automatic-line-ending-command-line-switch"><dt>-l (automatic line ending) command-line switch: <a href="../ch19_01.htm#INDEX-3419">19.1.3. Switches</a></dt><a name="-l-symbolic-link-file-test"><dt>-l (symbolic link) file test: <a href="../ch03_10.htm#INDEX-904">3.10. Named Unary and File Test Operators</a></dt><a name="labels"><dt>labels: <a href="../ch04_02.htm#INDEX-1063">4.2. Compound Statements</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../ch04_04.htm#INDEX-1118">4.4.4. Loop Control</a></dt> <a name="with-goto-statement"> <dt>with goto statement: <a href="../ch04_06.htm#INDEX-1162">4.6. goto</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../ch29_02.htm#INDEX-4920">29.2.71. goto</a></dt> </dl></dd> <a name="with-loops"> <dt>with loops: <a href="../ch04_04.htm#INDEX-1072">4.4. Loop Statements</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../ch04_04.htm#INDEX-1111">4.4.4. Loop Control</a></dt> <dt><a href="../ch24_03.htm#INDEX-4256">24.3. Programming with Style</a></dt> </dl></dd> <a name="loops-and"> <a name="names-for"> <dt>names for: <a href="../ch02_05.htm#INDEX-476">2.5. Names</a></dt> <a name="packages-and"> <dt>packages and: <a href="../ch10_01.htm#INDEX-2209">10. Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><a name="language-extensions-Perl-modules-for"><dt>language extensions, Perl modules for: <a href="../ch22_01.htm#INDEX-3808">22.1. The CPAN modules Directory</a></dt><a name="languages"><dt>languages</dt><dd><dl> <a name="checking-characters-for"> <dt>checking characters for: <a href="../ch05_04.htm#INDEX-1570">5.4.3.3. Unicode block properties</a></dt> <a name="natural-vs.-artificial"> <dt>natural vs. artificial: <a href="../ch01_02.htm#INDEX-21">1.2. Natural and Artificial Languages</a></dt> <a name="translating"> <dt>translating: <a href="../ch24_05.htm#INDEX-4299">24.5.2. Generating Perl in Other Languages</a></dt></dl></dd><a name="last-operator"><dt>last operator: <a href="../ch01_06.htm#INDEX-323">1.6.2.4. Breaking out: next and last</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../ch24_03.htm#INDEX-4254">24.3. Programming with Style</a></dt><dt><a href="../ch04_04.htm#INDEX-1099">4.4.2. for Loops</a></dt> <dt><a href="../ch04_04.htm#INDEX-1115">4.4.4. Loop Control</a></dt> <dt><a href="../ch04_04.htm#INDEX-1123">4.4.4. Loop Control</a></dt> <dt><a href="../ch04_05.htm#INDEX-1152">4.5.1. Case Structures</a></dt> <dt><a href="../ch24_02.htm#INDEX-4218">24.2.1. Time Efficiency</a></dt> <dt><a href="../ch29_02.htm#INDEX-4959">29.2.81. last</a></dt> <dt> <a name="do-{}-while-construct-not-taking">do {} while construct, not taking: <a href="../ch24_01.htm#INDEX-4140">24.1.3. C Traps</a></dt><a name="used-in-a-do-while"> <dt>used in a do while: <a href="../ch04_05.htm#INDEX-1145">4.5. Bare Blocks</a></dt></dl></dd><a name="$LAST_PAREN_MATCH"><dt>$LAST_PAREN_MATCH: <a href="../ch28_02.htm#INDEX-4516">28.2. Special Variables in Alphabetical Order</a></dt><a name="laziness"><a name="lc-function"><dt>lc function: <a href="../ch29_02.htm#INDEX-4961">29.2.82. lc</a></dt><a name="lcfirst-function"><dt>lcfirst function: <a href="../ch29_02.htm#INDEX-4967">29.2.83. lcfirst</a></dt><a name="left-justification"><dt>left justification: <a href="../ch07_01.htm#INDEX-1929">7.1. Format Variables</a></dt><a name="left-shift-<<-operator"><dt>left-shift (<<) operator: <a href="../ch03_09.htm#INDEX-866">3.9. Shift Operators</a></dt><a name="leftmost-longest-matching"><dt>leftmost longest matching: <a href="../ch05_05.htm#INDEX-1597">5.5. Quantifiers</a></dt><dd><dl></dl></dd><a name="length"><dt>length</dt><dd><dl> <a name="-of-matched-string"> <dt> of matched string: <a href="../ch28_02.htm#INDEX-4510">28.2. Special Variables in Alphabetical Order</a></dt> <a name="of-arrays"> <dt>of arrays: <a href="../ch02_08.htm#INDEX-697">2.8.2. Array Length</a></dt> <a name="of-strings"> <dt>of strings: <a href="../ch24_02.htm#INDEX-4214">24.2.1. Time Efficiency</a></dt></dl></dd><a name="LENGTH-awk-variable"><dt>LENGTH (awk variable): <a href="../ch28_02.htm#INDEX-4511">28.2. Special Variables in Alphabetical Order</a></dt><a name="length-function"><dt>length function: <a href="../ch29_02.htm#INDEX-4968">29.2.84. length</a></dt><dd><dl> <a name="byte-oriented-wrapper-for"> <dt>byte-oriented wrapper for: <a href="../ch15_02.htm#INDEX-2828">15.2. Effects of Character Semantics</a></dt></dl></dd><a name="length-matching"><dt>length, matching: <a href="../ch05_05.htm#INDEX-1596">5.5. Quantifiers</a></dt><a name="less-module"><dt>less module: <a href="../ch32_01.htm#INDEX-5645">32.1.13. Perl Language Extensions and Internals</a></dt><a name="less-than-<-operator"><dt>less than (<) operator: <a href="../ch03_11.htm#INDEX-931">3.11. Relational Operators</a></dt><a name="less-than-or-equal-<=-operator"><dt>less than or equal (<=) operator: <a href="../ch03_11.htm#INDEX-932">3.11. Relational Operators</a></dt><a name="lexer"><dt>lexer: <a href="../ch18_02.htm#INDEX-3246">18.2. Compiling Your Code</a></dt><dd><dl></dl></dd><a name="lexical-analysis"><dt>lexical analysis: <a href="../ch21_01.htm#INDEX-3669">21.1. How Perl Works</a></dt><dd><dl> <a name="in-the-Perl-compiler"> <dt>in the Perl compiler: <a href="../ch18_02.htm#INDEX-3247">18.2. Compiling Your Code</a></dt></dl></dd><a name="lexical-scopes"><dt>lexical scopes: <a href="../ch02_05.htm#INDEX-464">2.5. Names</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../ch04_08.htm#INDEX-1215">4.8.2. Lexically Scoped Variables: my</a></dt><dt>pragmas and: <a href="../ch04_09.htm#INDEX-1240">4.9. Pragmas</a></dt> <a name="package-variables-searching-for"> <dt>package variables, searching for: <a href="../ch02_05.htm#INDEX-513">2.5.1. Name Lookups</a></dt> <a name="variables-attached-to"> <dt>variables attached to: <a href="../ch02_05.htm#INDEX-502">2.5. Names</a></dt></dl></dd><a name="lexical-variables"><dt>lexical variables: <a href="../ch07_01.htm#INDEX-1908">7. Formats</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../ch29_02.htm#INDEX-5019">29.2.99. my</a></dt> <a name="accessing-from-functions"> <dt>accessing from functions: <a href="../ch06_02.htm#INDEX-1831">6.2.3. Scoping Issues</a></dt> <a name="file-scoped-storing-anonymous-subroutine-in"> <dt>file-scoped, storing anonymous subroutine in: <a href="../ch12_05.htm#INDEX-2497">12.5.5. Private Methods</a></dt> <a name="in-functions-or-files-showing"> <dt>in functions or files, showing: <a href="../ch32_01.htm#INDEX-5760">32.1.19. Perl Compiler and Code Generator</a></dt> <a name="persistence-across-function-calls"> <dt>persistence across function calls: <a href="../ch06_02.htm#INDEX-1834">6.2.3. Scoping Issues</a></dt> <a name="recursive-lexical-pad-stack"> <dt>recursive lexical pad stack: <a href="../ch18_03.htm#INDEX-">18.3. Executing Your Code</a></dt> <a name="symbolic-references-and"> <dt>symbolic references and: <a href="../ch08_04.htm#INDEX-2051">8.4. Symbolic References</a></dt> <a name="threads-accessing-in"> <dt>threads, accessing in: <a href="../ch17_02.htm#INDEX-3176">17.2.2. Data Access</a></dt> <a name="typed"></dl></dd><a name="lexical-warnings"><dt>lexical warnings: <a href="../ch32_01.htm#INDEX-5673">32.1.15. Warnings and Exceptions</a></dt><dd><dl> <a name="-${^WARNING_BITS}"> <dt> ${^WARNING_BITS}: <a href="../ch28_02.htm#INDEX-4596">28.2. Special Variables in Alphabetical Order</a></dt></dl></dd><a name="lexically-scoped-declarations"><dt>lexically scoped declarations: <a href="../ch04_08.htm#INDEX-1188">4.8. Scoped Declarations</a></dt><a name="lexicals"><dt>lexicals: <a href="../ch04_08.htm#INDEX-1207">4.8.1. Scoped Variable Declarations</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt>(see also <a href="idx_l.htm#lexical-scope">lexical scope</a>)</dt></dl></dd><a name="lib-module"><dt>lib module: <a href="../ch32_01.htm#INDEX-5733">32.1.17. Module Installation Support</a></dt><a name="lib-pragma"><dt>lib pragma: <a href="../ch11_01.htm#INDEX-2285">11.1. Using Modules</a></dt><a name="libraries"><dd><dl> <a name="C-C++-loading-as-Perl-extensions"> <dt>C/C++, loading as Perl extensions: <a href="../ch32_01.htm#INDEX-5707">32.1.17. Module Installation Support</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../ch32_01.htm#INDEX-5737">32.1.17. Module Installation Support</a></dt> </dl></dd> <a name="ExtUtils::Liblist-module"> <dt>ExtUtils::Liblist module: <a href="../ch32_01.htm#INDEX-5717">32.1.17. Module Installation Support</a></dt> <a name="math-library-C"> <dt>math library, C: <a href="../ch21_03.htm#INDEX-3739">21.3.4. Using Functions from an External C Library</a></dt> <a name="Perl-installing-modules-into"> <dt>Perl, installing modules into: <a href="../ch22_02.htm#INDEX-3930">22.2.3. Installing CPAN Modules into the Perl Library</a></dt> <a name="Perl-library-files-searching-for"> <dt>Perl library files, searching for: <a href="../ch19_02.htm#INDEX-3478">19.2. Environment Variables</a></dt> <a name="uninstalled-extensions-from-MakeMaker"> <dt>uninstalled extensions from MakeMaker: <a href="../ch32_01.htm#INDEX-5700">32.1.17. Module Installation Support</a></dt></dl></dd><a name="life-cycle-Perl-programs"><dt>life cycle, Perl programs: <a href="../ch18_01.htm#INDEX-3223">18.1. The Life Cycle of a Perl Program</a></dt><dd><dl> <a name="code-generation-phase"> <dt>code generation phase: <a href="../ch18_01.htm#INDEX-3232">18.1. The Life Cycle of a Perl Program</a></dt> <a name="compilation-phase"> <dt>compilation phase: <a href="../ch18_01.htm#INDEX-3224">18.1. The Life Cycle of a Perl Program</a></dt>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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