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<P><BR>Sample SOAP Message containing a header <BR>block and a body
block</P>
<P><BR>SOAP消息能够与不同的底层协议进行绑定，同时可以在很多种消息传输模式中使用。下面的例子则展示了SOAP是如何在HTTP的连接中使用的，其中充分使用了HTTP提供的请求/相应机制(参阅
<BR>href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#_Toc478383526">section
<BR>6)。</P>
<P><BR>Example 1和Example
<BR>2展示了一个SOAP/HTTP请求的例子和一个SOAP/HTTP响应的例子。SOAP/HTTP请求包含了一个获取最后交易价格(GetLastTradePrice)的信息块，其中包含了一个简单的参数，指明需要报价的股票代号。同样，与先前的例子相似，GetLastTradePrice这个XML元素也并不是由SOAP自身定义的。该请求的服务响应也包含了一个简单的参数，股票的价格。SOAP信封元素是表示SOAP消息的XML文档的顶级元素。XML命名空间则用来消除SOAP标识符与应用定义的标识符之间可能存在的歧义。</P>
<P></P>
<P><BR>Example 1</P>
<P><BR>POST /StockQuote HTTP/1.1Host:
www.stockquoteserver.comContent-Type: text/xml;
charset="utf-8"Content-Length: nnnnSOAPAction:
"http://example.org/2001/06/quotes"
env:encodingStyle="http://www.w3.org/2001/06/soap-encoding"
xmlns:m="http://example.org/2001/06/quotes"> DIS </P>
<P><BR>Sample SOAP Message embedded in an HTTP <BR>Request</P>
<P><BR>Example 2展示了StockQuote服务响应由
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#_Ref477488396">Example
<BR>1描述的请求消息而返回的SOAP消息。</P>
<P></P>
<P><BR>Example 2</P>
<P><BR>HTTP/1.1 200 OKContent-Type: text/xml;
charset="utf-8"Content-Length: nnnn
env:encodingStyle="http://www.w3.org/2001/06/soap-encoding"
xmlns:m="http://example.org/2001/06/quotes"> 34.5 </P>
<P><BR>Sample SOAP Message embedded in an HTTP <BR>Response</P>
<P><BR>在
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#_Toc478383539">Appendix
<BR>A中提供了更多的例子。</P>
<P><BR>1.4 SOAP术语</P>
<P><BR>1.4.1 协议概念</P>
<P></P>
<P><BR>SOAP </P>
<P></P>
<P>关于
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g170">SOAP消息的格式和
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#_Toc478383605">处理规则、为沿着
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g100">SOAP消息路径交换信息而需要的不同应用程序之间
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g110">生成和
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g120">接收SOAP消息的交互过程的简单控制机制等的一整套规范和约定。</P>
<P><BR>SOAP绑定 </P>
<P></P>
<P>为传输的需要而将SOAP消息在另一个底层协议之上或之内传输的一整套规范和规则。典型的SOAP绑定包括在HTTP消息中传送SOAP消息或在TCP之上传送SOAP消息等。</P>
<P><BR>SOAP结点 </P>
<P></P>
<P>SOAP结点根据
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g330">SOAP定义的整套规范来处理
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g170">SOAP消息。SOAP结点有责任遵守SOAP消息交换的规则以及提供通过依赖底层协议的SOAP绑定来访问的服务。任何不符合SOAP约定的情况都将导致SOAP结点产生一个
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g230">SOAP错误(可参阅
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g120">SOAP接受者和
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g110">SOAP发送者)。</P>
<P></P>
<P>1.4.2 数据封装概念</P>
<P></P>
<P><BR>SOAP消息 </P>
<P></P>
<P>SOAP消息(message)是在对等SOAP结点(
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g105">SOAP
<BR>nodes)间通讯的基本单位。</P>
<P><BR>SOAP信封 </P>
<P></P>
<P>SOAP信封(envelope)是
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g330">SOAP规范中定义的SOAP消息(
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g170">SOAP
<BR>message)在句法上的最外层结构。在句法上，它包含了所有其他的元素。</P>
<P><BR>SOAP条目 </P>
<P></P>
<P>SOAP条目是一个句法上的结构，它用于包含一个逻辑上的单一元素，这一元素是需要被
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g105">SOAP结点处理的。一个SOAP条目是由该条目最外层元素的完整修饰名所标识的，这个完整修饰名是由一个局部名和一个命名空间URI组成的。封装在
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g210">SOAP
<BR>header中的SOAP条目成为Header条目，而封装在
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g200">SOAP
<BR>body中的SOAP条目为Body条目。</P>
<P><BR>SOAP header </P>
<P></P>
<P>能够被
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g100">SOAP消息路径中任意的SOAP接受者处理的一组
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g400">SOAP条目(0个或多个)。
</P>
<P><BR>SOAP body </P>
<P></P>
<P>能够被
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g100">SOAP消息路径中的
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g130">最终SOAP接受者处理的一组
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g400">SOAP条目(0个或多个)。</P>
<P><BR>SOAP fault </P>
<P></P>
<P>href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g105">SOAP结点产生的用于包含错误信息的特殊的
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g400">SOAP条目。</P>
<P></P>
<P>以下的图表演示了一个SOAP消息是如何组成的。</P>
<P><BR>Figure 1: Encapsulation model illustrating the <BR>parts of a
SOAP message</P>
<P></P>
<P></P>
<P>1.4.3 消息发送者和接收者概念</P>
<P></P>
<P><BR>SOAP发送者 </P>
<P></P>
<P>SOAP发送者是发出SOAP消息的
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g105">SOAP结点。</P>
<P><BR>SOAP接收者 </P>
<P></P>
<P>SOAP接收者是接受SOAP消息的
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g105">SOAP结点。</P>
<P><BR>SOAP消息路径 </P>
<P></P>
<P>为传送一个简单的
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g170">SOAP消息而要经过的一组
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g110">SOAP发送者和
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g120">SOAP接受者。其中包含了
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g340">初始SOAP发送者、零个或多个
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g140">SOAP中介以及
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g130">最终SOAP接受者。</P>
<P><BR>初始SOAP发送者 </P>
<P></P>
<P>href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g170">SOAP消息的最初产生者，同时也是
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g100">SOAP消息路径的第一个结点。</P>
<P><BR>SOAP中介 </P>
<P></P>
<P>SOAP中介即是
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g120">SOAP接收者也是
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g110">SOAP发送者，是
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g170">SOAP消息可到达的某一个应用程序。当
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g170">SOAP消息沿着
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g100">SOAP消息路径传输时，SOAP中介将处理一组确定的SOAP条目，然后它将消息转发给消息路径的下一个SOAP结点，直至传送到
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g130">最终SOAP接收者。</P>
<P><BR>最终SOAP接收者 </P>
<P></P>
<P>由
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g340">初始SOAP发送者指定的通过
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g100">SOAP消息路径传送
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g170">SOAP消息的最终
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g120">SOAP接收者。如果在
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g100">SOAP消息路径中有
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g105">SOAP结点产生了
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g230">SOAP错误，那么
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g170">SOAP消息将不会到达最终接收者。</P>
<P></P>
<P>1.4.4 数据编码概念</P>
<P></P>
<P><BR>SOAP数据模型 </P>
<P></P>
<P>一组抽象的构造约定，用于描述通用的数据类型和数据中的链接关系。</P>
<P><BR>SOAP数据编码 </P>
<P></P>
<P>在
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g170">SOAP消息中使用一个或多个SOAP条目，按照
href="file:///F:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Fennivel/My%20Documents/tWork.Web.Service/2-SOAP/SOAP%20Version%201_2.htm#g270">SOAP数据模型完成句法上的数据表示。<BR>
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