📄 第七章 相关分析.htm
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lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>激活数据管理窗口，定义变量名：发硒为X，血硒为Y，按顺序输入相应数值，建立数据库（图7.1）。</SPAN></P>
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lang=EN-US>7.1<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>原始数据的输入</SPAN></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></CENTER></DIV>
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<P class=MsoNormal
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">7.1.2.2<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>统计分析</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
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lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>激活Statistics菜单选Correlate中的Bivariate...命令项，弹出Bivariate
Correlation对话框（图7.2）。在对话框左侧的变量列表中选x、y，点击</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN
style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">Ø</SPAN></SPAN>钮使之进入<SPAN
lang=EN-US>Variables框；再在Correlation
Coefficients框中选择相关系数的类型，共有三种：Pearson为通常所指的相关系数（r），Kendell</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体">’</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US>s tau-b为非参数资料的相关系数，Spearman为非正态分布资料的Pearson相关系数替代值，本例选用Pearson项；在Test
of Significance框中可选相关系数的单侧（One-tailed）或双侧（Two-tailed）检验，本例选双侧检验。</SPAN></P>
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style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">图<SPAN
lang=EN-US>7.2<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>相关分析对话框</SPAN></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></CENTER></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
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lang=EN-US><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>点击Options...钮弹出Bivariate
Correlation:Options对话框（图7.3），可选有关统计项目。本例要求输出X、Y的均数与标准差以及XY交叉乘积的标准差与协方差，故选Means
and standard deviations和Cross-product deviations and
covariances项，而后点击Continue钮返回Bivariate Correlation对话框，再点击OK钮即可。</SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal
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align=center><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">图<SPAN
lang=EN-US>7.3<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>相关分析统计对话框</SPAN></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></CENTER></DIV>
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<P class=MsoNormal
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">7.1.2.3<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>结果解释：<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan">在结果输出窗口中将看到如下统计数据：变量<SPAN
lang=EN-US>X、Y的例数、均数与标准差，变量X、Y交叉乘积的例数、标准差与协方差；XY两两对应的相关系数及其双侧检验的概率，本例r =
0.8715，P = 0.001。</SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal
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lang=EN-US>Variable<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Cases<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>Mean<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>Std Dev</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
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lang=EN-US>X<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>10<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>75.4000<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>12.2945</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>Y<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>10<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>10.8000<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>3.3267</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
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lang=EN-US><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
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lang=EN-US>Variables<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>Cases<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>Cross-Prod Dev<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>Variance-Covar</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>X<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>Y<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>10<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>320.8000<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>35.6444</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: bottom; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><SPAN
lang=EN-US><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
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lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>X<SPAN
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