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1.6 Summary</H1>
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In this chapter we have looked at the difference between full-custom ASICs, semi-custom ASICs, and programmable ASICs. Table 1.3 summarizes their different features. ASICs use a library of predesigned and precharacterized logic cells. In fact, we could define an ASIC as a design style that uses a cell library rather than in terms of what an ASIC is or what an ASIC does. </P>
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TABLE 1.3 Types of ASIC.</P>
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ASIC type</SPAN>
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Family member</SPAN>
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Custom mask layers</SPAN>
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Custom logic cells</SPAN>
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Full-custom</P>
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Analog/digital</P>
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All</P>
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Some</P>
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Semicustom</P>
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Cell-based (CBIC)</P>
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All</P>
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None</P>
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Masked gate array (MGA)</P>
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Some</P>
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None</P>
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Programmable</P>
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Field-programmable gate array (FPGA)</P>
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None</P>
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None</P>
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Programmable logic device (PLD)</P>
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None</P>
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None</P>
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You can think of ICs like pizza. A full-custom pizza is built from scratch. You can customize all the layers of a CBIC pizza, but from a predefined selection, and it takes a while to cook. An MGA pizza uses precooked crusts with fixed sizes and you choose only from a few different standard types on a menu. This makes MGA pizza a little faster to cook and a little cheaper. An FPGA is rather like a frozen pizza—you buy it at the supermarket in a limited selection of sizes and types, but you can put it in the microwave at home and it will be ready in a few minutes.</P>
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In each chapter we shall indicate the key concepts. In this chapter they are</P>
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The difference between full-custom and semicustom ASICs</LI>
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The difference between standard-cell, gate-array, and programmable ASICs</LI>
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The ASIC design flow</LI>
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Design economics including part cost, NRE, and breakeven volume</LI>
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The contents and use of an ASIC cell library</LI>
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Next, in Chapter 2, we shall take a closer look at the semicustom ASICs that were introduced in this chapter.</P>
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