ch09.3.htm
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<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
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<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=22583">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
1</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=22585">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
0</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=22587">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
1</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=22589">
</A>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=22593">
</A>
</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="10">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=22597">
</A>
Output (5 minterms): F1 = A|!C|(B&C); F2 = !B&C; F3 = A&B|(!B&C)|(B&C); </P>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P CLASS="Body">
<A NAME="pgfId=33961">
</A>
This <SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
eqntott</SPAN>
output is not really a truth table since each line corresponds to a minterm. The output forms the input to the <SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
espresso</SPAN>
logic-minimization program. <A HREF="#29022" CLASS="XRef">
Table 9.9</A>
shows the format for <SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
espresso</SPAN>
input and output files. <A HREF="#39782" CLASS="XRef">
Table 9.10</A>
explains the format of the <A NAME="marker=33970">
</A>
input and <A NAME="marker=33971">
</A>
output planes of the <SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
espresso</SPAN>
<A NAME="marker=33972">
</A>
input and output files. The <SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
espresso</SPAN>
output in <A HREF="#26551" CLASS="XRef">
Table 9.8</A>
corresponds to the <SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
eqntott</SPAN>
logic equations on the next page. </P>
<TABLE>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="2">
<P CLASS="TableTitle">
<A NAME="pgfId=33980">
</A>
TABLE 9.9 <A NAME="29022">
</A>
The format of the input and output files used by the PLA design tool espresso.</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableFirst">
<A NAME="pgfId=33984">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="TableHeads">
Expression</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableFirst">
<A NAME="pgfId=33986">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="TableHeads">
Explanation</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=33988">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
# comment</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=33990">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
#</SPAN>
must be first character on a line.</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=33992">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
[d]</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=33994">
</A>
Decimal number</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=33996">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
[s]</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=33998">
</A>
Character string</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34000">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
.i [d]</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34002">
</A>
Number of input variables</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34004">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
.o [d]</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34006">
</A>
Number of output variables</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34008">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
.p [d]</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34010">
</A>
Number of product terms</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34012">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
.ilb [s1] [s2]... [sn]</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34014">
</A>
Names of the binary-valued variables must be after <SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
.i</SPAN>
and <SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
.o</SPAN>
.</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34016">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
.ob [s1] [s2]... [sn]</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34018">
</A>
Names of the output functions must be after <SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
.i</SPAN>
and <SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
.o</SPAN>
.</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34020">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
.type f</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34022">
</A>
Following table describes the ON set; DC set is empty.</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34024">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
.type fd</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34026">
</A>
Following table describes the ON set and DC set.</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34028">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
.type fr</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34030">
</A>
Following table describes the ON set and OFF set.</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34032">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
.type fdr</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34034">
</A>
Following table describes the ON set, OFF set, and DC set.</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34036">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
.e</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34038">
</A>
Optional, marks the end of the PLA description.</P>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="3">
<P CLASS="TableTitle">
<A NAME="pgfId=34043">
</A>
TABLE 9.10 <A NAME="39782">
</A>
The format of the plane part of the input and output files for espresso.</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableFirst">
<A NAME="pgfId=34049">
</A>
Plane</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableFirst">
<A NAME="pgfId=34051">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="TableHeads">
Character</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableFirst">
<A NAME="pgfId=34053">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="TableHeads">
Explanation</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=34055">
</A>
I</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=34057">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
1</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34059">
</A>
The input literal appears in the product term.</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=34061">
</A>
I</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=34063">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
0</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34065">
</A>
The input literal appears complemented in the product term.</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=34067">
</A>
I</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=34069">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
-</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34071">
</A>
The input literal does not appear in the product term.</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=34073">
</A>
O</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=34075">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
1 </SPAN>
or<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
4</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34077">
</A>
This product term appears in the ON set.</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=34079">
</A>
O</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=34081">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
0</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34083">
</A>
This product term appears in the OFF set.</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=34085">
</A>
O</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=34087">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
2 </SPAN>
or<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
-</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34089">
</A>
This product term appears in the don’t care set.</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=34091">
</A>
O</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=34093">
</A>
<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
3 </SPAN>
or<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
~</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34095">
</A>
No meaning for the value of this function.</P>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P CLASS="ComputerOneLine">
<A NAME="pgfId=34096">
</A>
F1 = A|!C|(B&C); F2 = !B&C; F3 = A&B|(!B&C)|(B&C);</P>
<P CLASS="BodyAfterHead">
<A NAME="pgfId=3455">
</A>
We see that <SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
espresso</SPAN>
reduced the original six minterms to these five: <SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
A</SPAN>
, <SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
A&B</SPAN>
, <SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
!C</SPAN>
, <SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
!B&C</SPAN>
,<SPAN CLASS="BodyComputer">
B&C</SPAN>
.</P>
<P CLASS="Body">
<A NAME="pgfId=21566">
</A>
The Berkeley PLA tools were widely used in the 1980s. They were important stepping stones to modern logic synthesis tools. There are so many testbenches, examples, and old designs that used these tools that we occasionally need to convert files in the Berkeley PLA format to formats used in new tools.</P>
<HR><P>[ <A HREF="CH09.htm">Chapter start</A> ] [ <A HREF="CH09.2.htm">Previous page</A> ] [ <A HREF="CH09.4.htm">Next page</A> ]</P></BODY>
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