ch04.7.htm

介绍asci设计的一本书

	$23.25</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=27240">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=27242">
 </A>
XC3020-50PC68C </P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=27244">
 </A>
	$26.00</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="2">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=27246">
 </A>
A1020A-PL44C</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=27250">
 </A>
	$43.30</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=27252">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=27254">
 </A>
XC3030-50PC44C </P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=27256">
 </A>
	$34.20</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="2">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=27258">
 </A>
A1225-PQ100C</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=27262">
 </A>
	$105.00</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=27264">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=27266">
 </A>
XC3042-50PC84C </P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=27268">
 </A>
	$52.00</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="2">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=27270">
 </A>
A1240-PQ144C</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=27274">
 </A>
	$175.00</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=27276">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=27278">
 </A>
XC3064-50PC84C </P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=27280">
 </A>
	$87.00</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="2">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=27282">
 </A>
A1280-PQ160C</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=27286">
 </A>
	$305.00</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=27288">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Table">
<A NAME="pgfId=27290">
 </A>
XC3090-50PC84C </P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=27292">
 </A>
	$133.30</P>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<DIV>
<H2 CLASS="Heading2">
<A NAME="pgfId=27201">
 </A>
4.7.1&nbsp;FPGA Pricing</H2>
<P CLASS="BodyAfterHead">
<A NAME="pgfId=27202">
 </A>
Asking &#8220;How much do FPGAs cost?&#8221; is rather like asking &#8220;How much does a car cost?&#8221; Prices of cars are published, but pricing schemes used by semiconductor manufactures are closely guarded secrets. Many FPGA companies use a pricing strategy based on a cost model that uses a series of multipliers or adders for each part option to calculate the suggested price for their distributors. Although the FPGA companies will not divulge their methods, it is possible to reverse engineer these factors to create a pricing matrix.</P>
<P CLASS="Body">
<A NAME="pgfId=27085">
 </A>
Many FPGA vendors sell parts through distributors. This can introduce some problems for the designer. For example, in 1992 the Xilinx XC3000 series offered the following part options:</P>
<TABLE>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="6">
<P CLASS="TableTitle">
<A NAME="pgfId=34008">
 </A>
TABLE&nbsp;4.5&nbsp;<A NAME="13355">
 </A>
Actel price adjustment factors. </P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="5">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34020">
 </A>
<SPAN CLASS="TableHeads">
Purchase quantity, all types</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34030">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34032">
 </A>
(1&#8211;9)</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34034">
 </A>
(10&#8211;99)</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34036">
 </A>
(100&#8211;999)</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34038">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34040">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34042">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34044">
 </A>
100 %</P>
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34045">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34047">
 </A>
96 %</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34049">
 </A>
84 %</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34051">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34053">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34055">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="5">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34057">
 </A>
<SPAN CLASS="TableHeads">
Purchase time, in (100&#8211;999) quantity</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34067">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34069">
 </A>
1H92</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34071">
 </A>
2H92</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34073">
 </A>
93</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="Normal">
<A NAME="pgfId=34075">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34077">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34079">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34081">
 </A>
100 %</P>
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34082">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34084">
 </A>
80&#8211;95 %</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34086">
 </A>
60&#8211;80 %</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34088">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34090">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34092">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="5">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34094">
 </A>
<SPAN CLASS="TableHeads">
Qualification type, same package</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34104">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34106">
 </A>
Commercial</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34108">
 </A>
Industrial</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34110">
 </A>
Military</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34112">
 </A>
883-B</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34114">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34116">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34118">
 </A>
100 %</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34121">
 </A>
120 %</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34123">
 </A>
150 %</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34125">
 </A>
230&#8211;300 %</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34127">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34129">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="5">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34134">
 </A>
<SPAN CLASS="TableHeads">
Speed bin<A HREF="#pgfId=34133" CLASS="footnote">
1</A>
</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34144">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34146">
 </A>
 ACT &nbsp;1-Std</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34148">
 </A>
 ACT&nbsp;1-1</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34150">
 </A>
 ACT&nbsp;1-2</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34152">
 </A>
 ACT&nbsp; 2-Std</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34154">
 </A>
 ACT &nbsp;2-1</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34156">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34158">
 </A>
100 %</P>
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34159">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34161">
 </A>
115 %</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34163">
 </A>
140 %</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34165">
 </A>
100 %</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34167">
 </A>
120 %</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34169">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="5">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34171">
 </A>
<SPAN CLASS="TableHeads">
Package type</SPAN>
</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34181">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34183">
 </A>
A1010:</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34185">
 </A>
PL44, 64, 84</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34187">
 </A>
PQ100</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34189">
 </A>
PG84</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34191">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34193">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34195">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34197">
 </A>
100 %</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34199">
 </A>
125 %</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34201">
 </A>
400 %</P>
</TD>
<TD ROWSPAN="1" COLSPAN="1">
<P CLASS="TableLeft">
<A NAME="pgfId=34203">
 </A>
&nbsp;</P>