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Lossless JPEG Codec (Version 1.0; June 20, 1994) Kongji Huang and Brian Smith Department of Computer Science Cornell UniversityThis message announces a freely distributable lossless JPEG imagecompression package. The distribution contains the source code forJPEG lossless mode encoding and decoding, man pages that describe thecommands, and an example of lossless JPEG compressed image. TheINSTALL file provides the installation instructions. The distributionis available from ftp.cs.cornell.edu in the pub/multimed/ljpgdirectory.BACKGROUNDIn 1992, a joint ISO/CCITT committee known as JPEG (Joint PhotographicExperts Group) established and published the first draft internationalstandard (DIS) for compressing continuous-tone still images, bothgrayscale and color. JPEG has defined four mode of operations,summarized them as follows. (1) Sequential encoding: each image component is encoded in a single left-to-right, top-to-bottom scan;(2) Progressive encoding: the image is encoded in multiple scans for applications in which transmission time is long, and the viewer prefers to watch the image build up in multiple coarse-to-clear passes;(3) Lossless encoding: the images is encoded to guarantee exact recovery of every source image sample value (even though the result is low compression compared to the lossy modes);(4) Hierarchical encoding: the image is encoded at multiple resolutions so that lower-resolution versions may be accessed without first having to decompress the image at its full resolution.Our lossless JPEG encoding program has an automatic predictionselection value (PSV) selector which selects the best PSV among a userprovided or default set of PSVs. This selector guarantees the bestcompression ratio for lossless JPEG.The encoding program "pnmtoljpg" compresses a Portable Pixmap orPortable Graymap image to a lossles JPEG (ljpg) image using the JPEGstandard (DIS) lossless mode of operation. The decoding program"ljpgtopnm" decodes a ljpg image to either a Portable Pixmap orPortable Graymap image depending on the number of color componentsstored in the ljpg image file.To install the programs, see INSTALL file for detail. Command usage issummarized in the pnmtoljpg.1 and ljpgtopnm.1 files, which are in unixman page format. To view these files, type "nroff -man pnmtoljpg.1" or"nroff -man ljpgtopnm.1". The commands "pnmtoljpg -h" and "ljpgtopnm-h" will give you simple on line help.If you find a bug (or better yet, fix it!), port the code to anotherplatform, or have suggestions for improvement, send email tokongji@cs.cornell.edu or bsmith@cs.cornell.eduWe extend our thanks to everyone who helped to create, debug, and distributethis software.ReferencesWallace, Gregory K. "The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard",Communications of the ACM, April 1991 vol. 34 no. 4, pp. 30-40. A revisedversion of this article is available at ftp.uu.net, graphics/jpeg/wallace.ps.Z. "The Data Compression book" by Mark Nelson provides a good introductionmany data compression techniques. It also includes sample source code in C."JPEG Still Image Data Compression Standard" by William B. Pennebaker andJoan L. Mitchell gives a detailed description of the JPEG standard. It alsoincludes the text of ISO Draft International Standard (DIS).
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