tcc-doc.texi

Tiny C&C++,看看吧,也许用的着

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@setfilename tcc-doc.info
@settitle Tiny C Compiler Reference Documentation
@c %**end of header

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@sp 7
@center @titlefont{Tiny C Compiler Reference Documentation}
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@c @ifhtml
@contents
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@ifnothtml
@node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir)
@top Tiny C Compiler Reference Documentation

This manual documents version @value{VERSION} of the Tiny C Compiler.

@menu
* Introduction::                Introduction to tcc.
* Invoke::                      Invocation of tcc (command line, options).
* Bounds::                      Automatic bounds-checking of C code.
* Libtcc::                      The libtcc library.
@end menu
@end ifnothtml

@node Introduction
@chapter Introduction

TinyCC (aka TCC) is a small but hyper fast C compiler. Unlike other C
compilers, it is meant to be self-relying: you do not need an
external assembler or linker because TCC does that for you.

TCC compiles so @emph{fast} that even for big projects @code{Makefile}s may
not be necessary. 

TCC not only supports ANSI C, but also most of the new ISO C99
standard and many GNUC extensions including inline assembly.

TCC can also be used to make @emph{C scripts}, i.e. pieces of C source
that you run as a Perl or Python script. Compilation is so fast that
your script will be as fast as if it was an executable.

TCC can also automatically generate memory and bound checks
(@pxref{Bounds}) while allowing all C pointers operations. TCC can do
these checks even if non patched libraries are used.

With @code{libtcc}, you can use TCC as a backend for dynamic code
generation (@pxref{Libtcc}).

TCC mainly supports the i386 target. There are alpha ports for the ARM
(@code{arm-tcc}) and the TMS320C67xx targets (@code{c67-tcc}). More
information about the ARM port is available at
@url{http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/tinycc-devel/2003-10/msg00044.html}.

@node Invoke
@chapter Command line invocation

[This manual documents version @value{VERSION} of the Tiny C Compiler]

@section Quick start

@example
@c man begin SYNOPSIS
usage: tcc [options] [@var{infile1} @var{infile2}@dots{}] [@option{-run} @var{infile} @var{args}@dots{}]
@c man end
@end example

@noindent
@c man begin DESCRIPTION
TCC options are a very much like gcc options. The main difference is that TCC
can also execute directly the resulting program and give it runtime
arguments.

Here are some examples to understand the logic:

@table @code
@item @samp{tcc -run a.c}
Compile @file{a.c} and execute it directly

@item @samp{tcc -run a.c arg1}
Compile a.c and execute it directly. arg1 is given as first argument to
the @code{main()} of a.c.

@item @samp{tcc a.c -run b.c arg1}
Compile @file{a.c} and @file{b.c}, link them together and execute them. arg1 is given
as first argument to the @code{main()} of the resulting program. Because
multiple C files are specified, @option{--} are necessary to clearly separate the
program arguments from the TCC options.

@item @samp{tcc -o myprog a.c b.c}
Compile @file{a.c} and @file{b.c}, link them and generate the executable @file{myprog}.

@item @samp{tcc -o myprog a.o b.o}
link @file{a.o} and @file{b.o} together and generate the executable @file{myprog}.

@item @samp{tcc -c a.c}
Compile @file{a.c} and generate object file @file{a.o}.

@item @samp{tcc -c asmfile.S}
Preprocess with C preprocess and assemble @file{asmfile.S} and generate
object file @file{asmfile.o}.

@item @samp{tcc -c asmfile.s}
Assemble (but not preprocess) @file{asmfile.s} and generate object file
@file{asmfile.o}.

@item @samp{tcc -r -o ab.o a.c b.c}
Compile @file{a.c} and @file{b.c}, link them together and generate the object file @file{ab.o}.

@end table

Scripting:

TCC can be invoked from @emph{scripts}, just as shell scripts. You just
need to add @code{#!/usr/local/bin/tcc -run} at the start of your C source:

@example
#!/usr/local/bin/tcc -run
#include <stdio.h>

int main() 
@{
    printf("Hello World\n");
    return 0;
@}
@end example
@c man end

@section Option summary

General Options:

@c man begin OPTIONS
@table @option
@item -v
Display current TCC version.

@item -c
Generate an object file (@option{-o} option must also be given).

@item -o outfile
Put object file, executable, or dll into output file @file{outfile}.

@item -Bdir
Set the path where the tcc internal libraries can be found (default is
@file{PREFIX/lib/tcc}).

@item -bench
Output compilation statistics.

@item -run source [args...]

Compile file @var{source} and run it with the command line arguments
@var{args}. In order to be able to give more than one argument to a
script, several TCC options can be given @emph{after} the
@option{-run} option, separated by spaces. Example:

@example
tcc "-run -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lX11" ex4.c
@end example

In a script, it gives the following header:

@example
#!/usr/local/bin/tcc -run -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lX11
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
@{
    ...
@}
@end example

@end table

Preprocessor options:

@table @option
@item -Idir
Specify an additional include path. Include paths are searched in the
order they are specified.

System include paths are always searched after. The default system
include paths are: @file{/usr/local/include}, @file{/usr/include}
and @file{PREFIX/lib/tcc/include}. (@file{PREFIX} is usually
@file{/usr} or @file{/usr/local}).

@item -Dsym[=val]
Define preprocessor symbol @samp{sym} to
val. If val is not present, its value is @samp{1}. Function-like macros can
also be defined: @option{-DF(a)=a+1}

@item -Usym
Undefine preprocessor symbol @samp{sym}.
@end table

Compilation flags:

Note: each of the following warning options has a negative form beginning with
@option{-fno-}.

@table @option
@item -funsigned-char
Let the @code{char} type be unsigned.

@item -fsigned-char
Let the @code{char} type be signed.

@item -fno-common
Do not generate common symbols for uninitialized data.

@end table

Warning options:

@table @option
@item -w
Disable all warnings.

@end table

Note: each of the following warning options has a negative form beginning with
@option{-Wno-}.

@table @option
@item -Wimplicit-function-declaration
Warn about implicit function declaration.

@item -Wunsupported
Warn about unsupported GCC features that are ignored by TCC.

@item -Wwrite-strings
Make string constants be of type @code{const char *} instead of @code{char
*}.

@item -Werror
Abort compilation if warnings are issued.

@item -Wall 
Activate all warnings, except @option{-Werror}, @option{-Wunusupported} and
@option{-Wwrite-strings}.

@end table

Linker options:

@table @option
@item -Ldir
Specify an additional static library path for the @option{-l} option. The
default library paths are @file{/usr/local/lib}, @file{/usr/lib} and @file{/lib}.

@item -lxxx
Link your program with dynamic library libxxx.so or static library
libxxx.a. The library is searched in the paths specified by the
@option{-L} option.

@item -shared
Generate a shared library instead of an executable (@option{-o} option
must also be given).

@item -static
Generate a statically linked executable (default is a shared linked
executable) (@option{-o} option must also be given).

@item -rdynamic
Export global symbols to the dynamic linker. It is useful when a library
opened with @code{dlopen()} needs to access executable symbols.

@item -r
Generate an object file combining all input files (@option{-o} option must
also be given).

@item -Wl,-Ttext,address
Set the start of the .text section to @var{address}.

@item -Wl,--oformat,fmt
Use @var{fmt} as output format. The supported output formats are:
@table @code
@item elf32-i386
ELF output format (default)
@item binary
Binary image (only for executable output)
@item coff
COFF output format (only for executable output for TMS320C67xx target)
@end table

@end table

Debugger options:

@table @option
@item -g
Generate run time debug information so that you get clear run time
error messages: @code{ test.c:68: in function 'test5()': dereferencing
invalid pointer} instead of the laconic @code{Segmentation
fault}.

@item -b
Generate additional support code to check
memory allocations and array/pointer bounds. @option{-g} is implied. Note
that the generated code is slower and bigger in this case.

@item -bt N
Display N callers in stack traces. This is useful with @option{-g} or
@option{-b}.

@end table

Note: GCC options @option{-Ox}, @option{-fx} and @option{-mx} are
ignored.
@c man end

@ignore

@setfilename tcc
@settitle Tiny C Compiler

@c man begin SEEALSO
gcc(1)
@c man end

@c man begin AUTHOR
Fabrice Bellard
@c man end

@end ignore

@chapter C language support

@section ANSI C

TCC implements all the ANSI C standard, including structure bit fields
and floating point numbers (@code{long double}, @code{double}, and
@code{float} fully supported).

@section ISOC99 extensions

TCC implements many features of the new C standard: ISO C99. Currently
missing items are: complex and imaginary numbers and variable length
arrays.

Currently implemented ISOC99 features:

@itemize

@item 64 bit @code{long long} types are fully supported.

@item The boolean type @code{_Bool} is supported.

@item @code{__func__} is a string variable containing the current
function name.

@item Variadic macros: @code{__VA_ARGS__} can be used for
   function-like macros:
@example
    #define dprintf(level, __VA_ARGS__) printf(__VA_ARGS__)
@end example

@noindent
@code{dprintf} can then be used with a variable number of parameters.

@item Declarations can appear anywhere in a block (as in C++).

@item Array and struct/union elements can be initialized in any order by
  using designators:
@example
    struct @{ int x, y; @} st[10] = @{ [0].x = 1, [0].y = 2 @};

    int tab[10] = @{ 1, 2, [5] = 5, [9] = 9@};
@end example
    
@item Compound initializers are supported:
@example
    int *p = (int [])@{ 1, 2, 3 @};
@end example
to initialize a pointer pointing to an initialized array. The same
works for structures and strings.

@item Hexadecimal floating point constants are supported:
@example
          double d = 0x1234p10;
@end example