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listen on the port you have specified, and provide a SOCKS proxy
service to any programs which connect to that port. So, in
particular, you can forward other PuTTY connections through it by
setting up the Proxy control panel (see \k{config-proxy} for
details).

The source port for a forwarded connection usually does not accept
connections from any machine except the SSH client or server machine
itself (for local and remote forwardings respectively). There are
controls in the Tunnels panel to change this:

\b The \q{Local ports accept connections from other hosts} option
allows you to set up local-to-remote port forwardings (including
dynamic port forwardings) in such a way that machines other than
your client PC can connect to the forwarded port.

\b The \q{Remote ports do the same} option does the same thing for
remote-to-local port forwardings (so that machines other than the
SSH server machine can connect to the forwarded port.) Note that
this feature is only available in the SSH 2 protocol, and not all
SSH 2 servers support it (OpenSSH 3.0 does not, for example).

You can also specify an \i{IP address} to listen on. Typically a
Windows machine can be asked to listen on any single IP address in
the \cw{127.*.*.*} range, and all of these are loopback addresses
available only to the local machine. So if you forward (for example)
\c{127.0.0.5:79} to a remote machine's \cw{finger} port, then you
should be able to run commands such as \c{finger fred@127.0.0.5}.
This can be useful if the program connecting to the forwarded port
doesn't allow you to change the port number it uses. This feature is
available for local-to-remote forwarded ports; SSH1 is unable to
support it for remote-to-local ports, while SSH2 can support it in
theory but servers will not necessarily cooperate.

\H{using-rawprot} Making \i{raw TCP connections}

A lot of \I{debugging Internet protocols}Internet protocols are
composed of commands and responses in plain text. For example,
\i{SMTP} (the protocol used to transfer e-mail), \i{NNTP} (the
protocol used to transfer Usenet news), and \i{HTTP} (the protocol
used to serve Web pages) all consist of commands in readable plain
text.

Sometimes it can be useful to connect directly to one of these
services and speak the protocol \q{by hand}, by typing protocol
commands and watching the responses. On Unix machines, you can do
this using the system's \c{telnet} command to connect to the right
port number. For example, \c{telnet mailserver.example.com 25} might
enable you to talk directly to the SMTP service running on a mail
server.

Although the Unix \c{telnet} program provides this functionality,
the protocol being used is not really Telnet. Really there is no
actual protocol at all; the bytes sent down the connection are
exactly the ones you type, and the bytes shown on the screen are
exactly the ones sent by the server. Unix \c{telnet} will attempt to
detect or guess whether the service it is talking to is a real
Telnet service or not; PuTTY prefers to be told for certain.

In order to make a debugging connection to a service of this type,
you simply select the fourth protocol name, \I{\q{Raw}
protocol}\q{Raw}, from the \q{Protocol} buttons in the \q{Session}
configuration panel. (See \k{config-hostname}.) You can then enter a
host name and a port number, and make the connection.

\H{using-cmdline} The PuTTY command line

PuTTY can be made to do various things without user intervention by
supplying \i{command-line arguments} (e.g., from a \i{command prompt
window}, or a \i{Windows shortcut}).

\S{using-cmdline-session} Starting a session from the command line

\I\c{-ssh}\I\c{-telnet}\I\c{-rlogin}\I\c{-raw}These options allow
you to bypass the configuration window and launch straight into a
session.

To start a connection to a server called \c{host}:

\c putty.exe [-ssh | -telnet | -rlogin | -raw] [user@]host

If this syntax is used, settings are taken from the Default Settings
(see \k{config-saving}); \c{user} overrides these settings if
supplied. Also, you can specify a protocol, which will override the
default protocol (see \k{using-cmdline-protocol}).

For telnet sessions, the following alternative syntax is supported
(this makes PuTTY suitable for use as a URL handler for \i{telnet
URLs} in web browsers):

\c putty.exe telnet://host[:port]/

In order to start an existing saved session called \c{sessionname},
use the \c{-load} option (described in \k{using-cmdline-load}).

\c putty.exe -load "session name"

\S{using-cleanup} \i\c{-cleanup}

If invoked with the \c{-cleanup} option, rather than running as
normal, PuTTY will remove its registry entries and random seed file
from the local machine (after confirming with the user).

\S{using-general-opts} Standard command-line options

PuTTY and its associated tools support a range of command-line
options, most of which are consistent across all the tools. This
section lists the available options in all tools. Options which are
specific to a particular tool are covered in the chapter about that
tool.

\S2{using-cmdline-load} \i\c{-load}: load a saved session

\I{saved sessions, loading from command line}The \c{-load} option
causes PuTTY to load configuration details out of a saved session.
If these details include a host name, then this option is all you
need to make PuTTY start a session.

You need double quotes around the session name if it contains spaces.

If you want to create a Windows shortcut to start a PuTTY saved
session, this is the option you should use: your shortcut should
call something like

\c d:\path\to\putty.exe -load "my session"

(Note that PuTTY itself supports an alternative form of this option,
for backwards compatibility. If you execute \c{putty @sessionname}
it will have the same effect as \c{putty -load "sessionname"}. With
the \c{@} form, no double quotes are required, and the \c{@} sign
must be the very first thing on the command line. This form of the
option is deprecated.)

\S2{using-cmdline-protocol} Selecting a protocol: \c{-ssh},
\c{-telnet}, \c{-rlogin}, \c{-raw}

To choose which protocol you want to connect with, you can use one
of these options:

\b \i\c{-ssh} selects the SSH protocol.

\b \i\c{-telnet} selects the Telnet protocol.

\b \i\c{-rlogin} selects the Rlogin protocol.

\b \i\c{-raw} selects the raw protocol.

These options are not available in the file transfer tools PSCP and
PSFTP (which only work with the SSH protocol).

These options are equivalent to the \i{protocol selection} buttons
in the Session panel of the PuTTY configuration box (see
\k{config-hostname}).

\S2{using-cmdline-v} \i\c{-v}: increase verbosity

\I{verbose mode}Most of the PuTTY tools can be made to tell you more
about what they are doing by supplying the \c{-v} option. If you are
having trouble when making a connection, or you're simply curious,
you can turn this switch on and hope to find out more about what is
happening.

\S2{using-cmdline-l} \i\c{-l}: specify a \i{login name}

You can specify the user name to log in as on the remote server
using the \c{-l} option. For example, \c{plink login.example.com -l
fred}.

These options are equivalent to the username selection box in the
Connection panel of the PuTTY configuration box (see
\k{config-username}).

\S2{using-cmdline-portfwd} \I{-L-upper}\c{-L}, \I{-R-upper}\c{-R}
and \I{-D-upper}\c{-D}: set up \i{port forwardings}

As well as setting up port forwardings in the PuTTY configuration
(see \k{config-ssh-portfwd}), you can also set up forwardings on the
command line. The command-line options work just like the ones in
Unix \c{ssh} programs.

To forward a local port (say 5110) to a remote destination (say
\cw{popserver.example.com} port 110), you can write something like
one of these:

\c putty -L 5110:popserver.example.com:110 -load mysession
\c plink mysession -L 5110:popserver.example.com:110

To forward a remote port to a local destination, just use the \c{-R}
option instead of \c{-L}:

\c putty -R 5023:mytelnetserver.myhouse.org:23 -load mysession
\c plink mysession -R 5023:mytelnetserver.myhouse.org:23

To specify an IP address for the listening end of the tunnel,
prepend it to the argument:

\c plink -L 127.0.0.5:23:localhost:23 myhost

To set up SOCKS-based dynamic port forwarding on a local port, use
the \c{-D} option. For this one you only have to pass the port
number:

\c putty -D 4096 -load mysession

For general information on port forwarding, see
\k{using-port-forwarding}.

These options are not available in the file transfer tools PSCP and
PSFTP.

\S2{using-cmdline-m} \i\c{-m}: read a remote command or script from
a file

The \i\c{-m} option performs a similar function to the \q{Remote
command} box in the SSH panel of the PuTTY configuration box (see
\k{config-command}). However, the \c{-m} option expects to be given
a local file name, and it will read a command from that file. On
most Unix systems, you can even put multiple lines in this file and
execute more than one command in sequence, or a whole shell script;
but this will not work on all servers (and is known not to work
with certain \q{embedded} servers such as routers).

This option is not available in the file transfer tools PSCP and
PSFTP.

\S2{using-cmdline-p} \I{-P-upper}\c{-P}: specify a \i{port number}

The \c{-P} option is used to specify the port number to connect to. If
you have a Telnet server running on port 9696 of a machine instead of
port 23, for example:

\c putty -telnet -P 9696 host.name
\c plink -telnet -P 9696 host.name

(Note that this option is more useful in Plink than in PuTTY,
because in PuTTY you can write \c{putty -telnet host.name 9696} in
any case.)

This option is equivalent to the port number control in the Session
panel of the PuTTY configuration box (see \k{config-hostname}).

\S2{using-cmdline-pw} \i\c{-pw}: specify a \i{password}

A simple way to automate a remote login is to supply your password
on the command line. This is \e{not recommended} for reasons of
security. If you possibly can, we recommend you set up public-key
authentication instead. See \k{pubkey} for details.

Note that the \c{-pw} option only works when you are using the SSH
protocol. Due to fundamental limitations of Telnet and Rlogin, these
protocols do not support automated password authentication.

\S2{using-cmdline-agent} \I{-A-upper}\c{-A} and \i\c{-a}: control \i{agent
forwarding}

The \c{-A} option turns on SSH agent forwarding, and \c{-a} turns it
off. These options are only meaningful if you are using SSH.

See \k{pageant} for general information on \i{Pageant}, and
\k{pageant-forward} for information on agent forwarding. Note that
there is a security risk involved with enabling this option; see
\k{pageant-security} for details.

These options are equivalent to the agent forwarding checkbox in the
Auth panel of the PuTTY configuration box (see \k{config-ssh-agentfwd}).

These options are not available in the file transfer tools PSCP and
PSFTP.

\S2{using-cmdline-x11} \I{-X-upper}\c{-X} and \i\c{-x}: control \i{X11
forwarding}

The \c{-X} option turns on X11 forwarding in SSH, and \c{-x} turns
it off. These options are only meaningful if you are using SSH.

For information on X11 forwarding, see \k{using-x-forwarding}.

These options are equivalent to the X11 forwarding checkbox in the
Tunnels panel of the PuTTY configuration box (see
\k{config-ssh-x11}).

These options are not available in the file transfer tools PSCP and
PSFTP.

\S2{using-cmdline-pty} \i\c{-t} and \I{-T-upper}\c{-T}: control
\i{pseudo-terminal allocation}

The \c{-t} option ensures PuTTY attempts to allocate a
pseudo-terminal at the server, and \c{-T} stops it from allocating
one. These options are only meaningful if you are using SSH.

These options are equivalent to the \q{Don't allocate a
pseudo-terminal} checkbox in the SSH panel of the PuTTY
configuration box (see \k{config-ssh-pty}).

These options are not available in the file transfer tools PSCP and
PSFTP.

\S2{using-cmdline-compress} \I{-C-upper}\c{-C}: enable \i{compression}

The \c{-C} option enables compression of the data sent across the
network. This option is only meaningful if you are using SSH.

This option is equivalent to the \q{Enable compression} checkbox in
the SSH panel of the PuTTY configuration box (see
\k{config-ssh-comp}).

\S2{using-cmdline-sshprot} \i\c{-1} and \i\c{-2}: specify an \i{SSH
protocol version}

The \c{-1} and \c{-2} options force PuTTY to use version \I{SSH1}1
or version \I{SSH2}2 of the SSH protocol. These options are only
meaningful if you are using SSH.

These options are equivalent to selecting your preferred SSH
protocol version as \q{1 only} or \q{2 only} in the SSH panel of the
PuTTY configuration box (see \k{config-ssh-prot}).

\S2{using-cmdline-identity} \i\c{-i}: specify an SSH \i{private key}

The \c{-i} option allows you to specify the name of a private key
file in \c{*.PPK} format which PuTTY will use to authenticate with the
server. This option is only meaningful if you are using SSH.

For general information on \i{public-key authentication}, see
\k{pubkey}.

This option is equivalent to the \q{Private key file for
authentication} box in the Auth panel of the PuTTY configuration box
(see \k{config-ssh-privkey}).