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<b>Data Structures and Algorithms 
with Object-Oriented Design Patterns in C++</b><br>
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<H3><A NAME="SECTION0017232000000000000000">Iterators</A></H3>
<P>
All the other container classes considered in this text
have only one associated iterator.
When dealing with graphs,
it is convenient to have at least four iterators:
The first two are used to enumerate the sets  <IMG WIDTH=10 HEIGHT=12 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline71357" SRC="img2283.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/img2283.gif"  > and  <IMG WIDTH=9 HEIGHT=12 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline71363" SRC="img2284.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/img2284.gif"  >,
and the last two are used to enumerate the sets  <IMG WIDTH=32 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline71425" SRC="img2292.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/img2292.gif"  > and  <IMG WIDTH=31 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline71457" SRC="img2299.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/img2299.gif"  >
associated with a given vertex <I>v</I>.
<P>
Each of the following member functions allocates dynamically
a new iterator instance as follows:
<DL ><DT><STRONG><tt>Vertices</tt></STRONG>
<DD>
	This member function of the <tt>Graph</tt> class
	returns an iterator that can be used to
	traverse the elements of  <IMG WIDTH=10 HEIGHT=12 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline71357" SRC="img2283.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/img2283.gif"  >.
    <DT><STRONG><tt>Edges</tt></STRONG>
<DD>
	This member function of the <tt>Graph</tt> class
	returns an iterator that can be used to
	traverse the elements of  <IMG WIDTH=9 HEIGHT=12 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline71363" SRC="img2284.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/img2284.gif"  >.
    <DT><STRONG><tt>IncidentEdges</tt></STRONG>
<DD>
	This member function takes a reference to
	a vertex, say <I>v</I>,
	and returns an iterator that can be used to
	traverse the elements of  <IMG WIDTH=31 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline71457" SRC="img2299.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/img2299.gif"  >.
	The vertex <I>v</I> must be contained by the graph.
    <DT><STRONG><tt>EmanatingEdges</tt></STRONG>
<DD>
	This member function takes a reference to
	a vertex, say <I>v</I>,
	and returns an iterator that can be used to
	traverse the elements of  <IMG WIDTH=32 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline71425" SRC="img2292.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/img2292.gif"  >.
	The vertex <I>v</I> must be contained by the graph.
<P>
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