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<TITLE>Tail, EnqueueHead,
    and DequeueTail Member Functions</TITLE>
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<b>Data Structures and Algorithms 
with Object-Oriented Design Patterns in C++</b><br>
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<H3><A NAME="SECTION007311000000000000000"><tt>Tail</tt>, <tt>EnqueueHead</tt>,
    and <tt>DequeueTail</tt> Member Functions</A></H3>
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Program&nbsp;<A HREF="page160.html#progdeque3c" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/page160.html#progdeque3c"><IMG  ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="gif" SRC="cross_ref_motif.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/icons/cross_ref_motif.gif"></A> defines the <tt>Tail</tt>,
<tt>EnqueueHead</tt> and <tt>DequeueTail</tt> member functions
of the <tt>DequeAsArray</tt> class.
<P>
<P><A NAME="8652">&#160;</A><A NAME="progdeque3c">&#160;</A> <IMG WIDTH=575 HEIGHT=544 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="program8487" SRC="img756.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/img756.gif"  ><BR>
<STRONG>Program:</STRONG> <tt>DequeAsArray</tt> Class <tt>Tail</tt> 	<tt>EnqueueTail</tt> and <tt>DequeueTail</tt> Member Function Definitions<BR>
<P>
<P>
The <tt>Tail</tt> member function
simply returns a reference to the object found
at the tail of the deque,
having first checked to see that the deque is not empty.
If the deque is empty, it throws a <tt>domainerror</tt> exception.
Under normal circumstances, we expect that the deque will not be empty.
Therefore, the normal running time of this function is <I>O</I>(1).
<P>
The <tt>EnqueueHead</tt> function takes a single argument which is a
reference to an object to be added to the head of the deque.
The <tt>EnqueueHead</tt> function first checks that the deque is not full--a <tt>domainerror</tt> exception is thrown when the deque is full.
Next, the position at which to insert the new element is determined
by decreasing the member variable <tt>head</tt> by one
modulo the length of the array.
Finally, a pointer to the object to be enqueued is put into the array
at the correct position and the <tt>count</tt> is adjusted accordingly.
Under normal circumstances (i.e., when the exception is not thrown),
the running time of <tt>EnqueueHead</tt> is <I>O</I>(1).
<P>
The <tt>DequeueTail</tt> function removes an object from the tail
of the deque and returns a reference to that object.
First, it checks that the deque is not empty
and throws an exception when it is.
If the deque is not empty,
the function sets aside a reference to the object at the tail
in the local variable <tt>result</tt>;
it decreases the <tt>tail</tt> member variable by one modulo the length
of the array;
adjusts the <tt>count</tt> accordingly;
and returns <tt>result</tt>.
All this can be done in a constant amount of time
so the running time of <tt>DequeueTail</tt> is a constant.
<P>
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