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<TITLE>Example-Geometric Series Summation Yet Again</TITLE>
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<b>Data Structures and Algorithms 
with Object-Oriented Design Patterns in C++</b><br>
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<H2><A NAME="SECTION003260000000000000000">Example-Geometric Series Summation Yet Again</A></H2>
<P>
In this example we consider the problem of computing a
<em>geometric series summation</em><A NAME=1077>&#160;</A>
for the last time.
We have already seen two algorithms to compute this summation
in Sections&nbsp;<A HREF="page48.html#secmodelgeometric" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/page48.html#secmodelgeometric"><IMG  ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="gif" SRC="cross_ref_motif.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/icons/cross_ref_motif.gif"></A> and&nbsp;<A HREF="page50.html#secmodelgeometric2" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/page50.html#secmodelgeometric2"><IMG  ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="gif" SRC="cross_ref_motif.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/icons/cross_ref_motif.gif"></A>
(Programs&nbsp;<A HREF="page48.html#proggeometricc" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/page48.html#proggeometricc"><IMG  ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="gif" SRC="cross_ref_motif.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/icons/cross_ref_motif.gif"></A> and&nbsp;<A HREF="page50.html#proggeometric2c" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/page50.html#proggeometric2c"><IMG  ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="gif" SRC="cross_ref_motif.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/icons/cross_ref_motif.gif"></A>).
<P>
An algorithm to compute a geometric series summation
using the closed-form expression (Equation&nbsp;<A HREF="page51.html#eqngeometric" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/page51.html#eqngeometric"><IMG  ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="gif" SRC="cross_ref_motif.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/icons/cross_ref_motif.gif"></A>)
is given in Program&nbsp;<A HREF="page53.html#proggeometric3c" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/page53.html#proggeometric3c"><IMG  ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="gif" SRC="cross_ref_motif.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/icons/cross_ref_motif.gif"></A>.
This algorithm makes use of Program&nbsp;<A HREF="page52.html#progpowerc" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/page52.html#progpowerc"><IMG  ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="gif" SRC="cross_ref_motif.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/icons/cross_ref_motif.gif"></A> to compute  <IMG WIDTH=32 HEIGHT=12 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline58885" SRC="img203.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/img203.gif"  >.
<P>
<P><A NAME="1158">&#160;</A><A NAME="proggeometric3c">&#160;</A> <IMG WIDTH=575 HEIGHT=124 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="program1086" SRC="img204.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/img204.gif"  ><BR>
<STRONG>Program:</STRONG> Program to compute  <IMG WIDTH=52 HEIGHT=27 ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline58631" SRC="img136.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/img136.gif"  > 	using the closed-form expression<BR>
<P>
<P>
To determine the average running time of Program&nbsp;<A HREF="page53.html#proggeometric3c" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/page53.html#proggeometric3c"><IMG  ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="gif" SRC="cross_ref_motif.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/icons/cross_ref_motif.gif"></A>
we will make use of Equation&nbsp;<A HREF="page52.html#eqnmodelpower" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/page52.html#eqnmodelpower"><IMG  ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="gif" SRC="cross_ref_motif.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/icons/cross_ref_motif.gif"></A>,
which gives the average running time for the <tt>Power</tt> function
which is called on line&nbsp;5.
In this case, the arguments are <I>x</I> and <I>n</I>+1,
so the running time of the call to <tt>Power</tt> is
 <IMG WIDTH=173 HEIGHT=26 ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="tex2html_wrap_inline58893" SRC="img205.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/img205.gif"  >.
Adding to this the additional work done on line&nbsp;5 gives
the average running time for Program&nbsp;<A HREF="page53.html#proggeometric3c" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/page53.html#proggeometric3c"><IMG  ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="gif" SRC="cross_ref_motif.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/icons/cross_ref_motif.gif"></A>:
<P> <IMG WIDTH=370 HEIGHT=17 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="displaymath58883" SRC="img206.gif" tppabs="http://dictator.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/html/img206.gif"  ><P>
<P>
The running times of the three programs
which compute the geometric series summation

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