counting_iterator_ref.rst

C++的一个好库。。。现在很流行

::

  template <
      class Incrementable
    , class CategoryOrTraversal = use_default
    , class Difference = use_default
  >
  class counting_iterator
  {
  public:
      typedef Incrementable value_type;
      typedef const Incrementable& reference;
      typedef const Incrementable* pointer;
      typedef /* see below */ difference_type;
      typedef /* see below */ iterator_category;

      counting_iterator();
      counting_iterator(counting_iterator const& rhs);
      explicit counting_iterator(Incrementable x);
      Incrementable const& base() const;
      reference operator*() const;
      counting_iterator& operator++();
      counting_iterator& operator--();
  private:
      Incrementable m_inc; // exposition
  };


If the ``Difference`` argument is ``use_default`` then
``difference_type`` is an unspecified signed integral
type. Otherwise ``difference_type`` is ``Difference``.

``iterator_category`` is determined according to the following
algorithm:

.. parsed-literal::

   if (CategoryOrTraversal is not use_default)
       return CategoryOrTraversal
   else if (numeric_limits<Incrementable>::is_specialized)
       return |iterator-category|_\ (
           random_access_traversal_tag, Incrementable, const Incrementable&)
   else
       return |iterator-category|_\ (
            iterator_traversal<Incrementable>::type, 
            Incrementable, const Incrementable&)
        
[*Note:* implementers are encouraged to provide an implementation of
  ``operator-`` and a ``difference_type`` that avoids overflows in
  the cases where ``std::numeric_limits<Incrementable>::is_specialized``
  is true.]

``counting_iterator`` requirements
..................................

The ``Incrementable`` argument shall be Copy Constructible and Assignable.

If ``iterator_category`` is convertible to ``forward_iterator_tag``
or ``forward_traversal_tag``, the following must be well-formed::

    Incrementable i, j;
    ++i;         // pre-increment
    i == j;      // operator equal


If ``iterator_category`` is convertible to
``bidirectional_iterator_tag`` or ``bidirectional_traversal_tag``,
the following expression must also be well-formed::

    --i

If ``iterator_category`` is convertible to
``random_access_iterator_tag`` or ``random_access_traversal_tag``,
the following must must also be valid::

    counting_iterator::difference_type n;
    i += n;
    n = i - j;
    i < j;

``counting_iterator`` models
............................

Specializations of ``counting_iterator`` model Readable Lvalue
Iterator. In addition, they model the concepts corresponding to the
iterator tags to which their ``iterator_category`` is convertible.
Also, if ``CategoryOrTraversal`` is not ``use_default`` then
``counting_iterator`` models the concept corresponding to the iterator
tag ``CategoryOrTraversal``.  Otherwise, if
``numeric_limits<Incrementable>::is_specialized``, then
``counting_iterator`` models Random Access Traversal Iterator.
Otherwise, ``counting_iterator`` models the same iterator traversal
concepts modeled by ``Incrementable``.

``counting_iterator<X,C1,D1>`` is interoperable with
``counting_iterator<Y,C2,D2>`` if and only if ``X`` is
interoperable with ``Y``.



``counting_iterator`` operations
................................

In addition to the operations required by the concepts modeled by
``counting_iterator``, ``counting_iterator`` provides the following
operations.


``counting_iterator();``

:Requires: ``Incrementable`` is Default Constructible.
:Effects: Default construct the member ``m_inc``.


``counting_iterator(counting_iterator const& rhs);``

:Effects: Construct member ``m_inc`` from ``rhs.m_inc``.



``explicit counting_iterator(Incrementable x);``

:Effects: Construct member ``m_inc`` from ``x``.


``reference operator*() const;``

:Returns: ``m_inc``


``counting_iterator& operator++();``

:Effects: ``++m_inc``
:Returns: ``*this``


``counting_iterator& operator--();``

:Effects: ``--m_inc``
:Returns: ``*this``  


``Incrementable const& base() const;``

:Returns: ``m_inc``