glossary.html

XML_JAVA指南 书籍语言： 简体中文 书籍类型： 程序设计 授权方式： 免费软件 书籍大小： 377 KB

<h2> <b>P</b></h2>
<dl> 
  <dt><a name="parameterEntity"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#parameterEntity"><b>parameter 
    entity</b></a> 
  <dd>An <a href="#entity">entity</a> that consists of DTD specifications, as 
    distinct from a <br>
    <a href="#generalEntity">general entity</a>. A parameter entity defined in 
    the DTD can then be referenced at other points, in order to prevent having 
    to recode the definition at each location it is used. 
  <dt><br>
  <dt><a name="parsedEntity"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#parsedEntity"><b>parsed 
    entity</b></a> 
  <dd>A <a href="#generalEntity">general entity</a> which contains XML, and which 
    is therefore parsed when inserted into the XML document, as opposed to an 
    <a href="#unparsedEntity">unparsed entity</a>. 
  <dt> 
  <dt><br>
  <dt> 
  <dt><a name="parser"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#parser"><b>parser</b></a> 
  <dd>A module that reads in XML data from an input source and breaks it up into 
    chunks so that your program knows when it is working with a <a href="#tag">tag</a>, 
    an <a href="#attribute">attribute</a>, or <a href="#element">element</a> data. 
    A nonvalidating parser ensures that the XML data is <a href="#wellFormed">well 
    formed</a>, but does not verify that it is <a href="#valid">valid</a>.<br>
    See also: <a href="#validatingParser">validating parser</a>. 
  <dt>&nbsp;</dt>
  <dt>&nbsp; 
  <dt><a name="pi"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#pi"><b>processing instruction</b></a> 
  </dt>
  <dd>Information contained in an XML structure that is intended to be interpreted 
    <a href="#DTD"></a>by a specific application. 
  <dt>&nbsp;</dt>
  <dt> 
  <dt><a name="prolog"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#prolog"><b>prolog</b></a> 
  </dt>
  <dd>The part of an XML document that precedes the XML data. The <a href="#prolog">prolog</a> 
    includes the declaration and an optional <a href="#DTD">DTD</a>. 
  <dt><br>
  <dt><a name="Q"><!-- --></a> 
</dl>
<h2> <b>Q</b></h2>
<a name="R"><!-- --></a> 
<h2> <b>R</b></h2>
<dl> 
  <dt><a name="reference"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#entityReference"><b>reference</b></a> 
  <dd> See <a href="#entityReference">entity reference</a> 
</dl>
<dl> 
  <dt><a name="RDF"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#RDF"><b>RDF</b></a> 
  <dd>Resource Description Framework. A standard for defining the kind of data 
    that an XML file contains. Such information could help ensure semantic integrity, 
    for example by helping to make sure that a date is treated as a date, rather 
    than simply as text. 
  <dt> 
</dl>
<dl> 
  <dt><a name="RDFschema"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#RDFschema"><b>RDF schema</b></a> 
  <dd>A standard for specifying consistency rules (for example, price must be 
    greater than zero, discount must be less than 15%) that apply to the specifications 
    contained in an <a href="#RDF">RDF</a>. 
</dl>
<dt><a name="root"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#root"><b>root</b></a></dt>
<dd>The outermost <a href="#element">element</a> in an XML document. The element 
  that contains all other elements. </dd>
<h2><b><a name="S"><!-- --></a></b></h2>
<h2><b>S</b></h2>
<dl> 
  <dt><a name="SAX"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#SAX"><b>SAX</b></a> 
  <dd>&quot;Simple API for XML&quot;. An event-driven interface in which the parser 
    invokes one of several methods supplied by the caller when a &quot;parsing 
    event&quot; occurs. &quot;Events&quot; include recognizing an XML tag, finding 
    an error, encountering a reference to an external entity, or processing a 
    <a href="#DTD">DTD</a> specification. 
</dl>
<dl> 
  <dt><a name="schema"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#schema"><b>schema</b></a> 
  <dd>A database-inspired method for specifying constraints on XML documents using 
    an XML-based language. Schemas address deficiencies in DTDs, such as the inability 
    to put constraints on the kinds of data that can occur in a particular field 
    (for example, all numeric). Since schemas are founded on XML, they are hierarchical, 
    so it is easier to create an unambiguous specification, and possible to determine 
    the scope over which a comment is meant to apply. 
</dl>
<dl> 
  <dt><a name="SGML"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#SGML"><b>SGML</b></a> 
  <dd>Standard Generalized Markup Language. The parent of both HTML and XML. However, 
    while HTML shares SGML's propensity for embedding presentation information 
    in the markup, XML is a standard that allows information content to be totally 
    separated from the mechanisms for rendering/displaying that content. 
</dl>
<a name="T"><!-- --></a> 
<h2> <b>T</b></h2>
<dl> 
  <dt><a name="tag"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#tag"><b>tag</b></a> 
  <dd>A piece of text that describes a unit of data, or <a href="#element">element</a>, 
    in XML. The tag is distinguishable as markup, as opposed to data, because 
    it is surrounded by angle brackets (<code>&lt;</code> and <code>&gt;</code>). 
    For example, the element <code>&lt;name&gt;My Name&lt;/name&gt;</code> has 
    the start tag <code>&lt;name&gt;</code>, the end tag <code>&lt;/name&gt;</code>, 
    which enclose the data &quot;My Name&quot;. To treat such markup syntax as 
    data, you use an <a href="#entityReference">entity reference</a> or a <a href="#CDATA">CDATA</a> 
    section. 
</dl>
<a name="U"><!-- --></a> 
<h2> <b>U</b></h2>
<dl> 
  <dt><a name="unicode"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#unicode"><b>Unicode</b></a> 
  <dd>A standard defined by the Unicode Consortium that uses a 16-bit &quot;code 
    page&quot; which maps digits to characters in languages around the world. 
    Because 16 bits covers 32,768 codes, Unicode is large enough to include all 
    the world's languages, with the exception of ideographic languages that have 
    a different character for every concept, like Chinese. For more info, see 
    <a href="http://www.unicode.org/">http://www.unicode.org/</a>. 
</dl>
<dl> 
  <dt><a name="unparsedEntity"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#unparsedEntity"><b>unparsed 
    entity</b></a> 
  <dd>A <a href="#generalEntity">general entity</a> that contains something other 
    than XML. By its nature, then, an unparsed entity contains binary data. 
  <dt> 
  <dt><br>
  <dt> 
  <dt> 
  <dt><a name="URI"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#URI"><b>URI</b></a>  
  <dd>A &quot;Universal Resource Identifier&quot;. A URI is either a URL or a 
    URN. (URLs and URNs are concrete entities that actually exist. A &quot;URI&quot; 
    is an abstract superclass -- it's a name we can use when we know we are dealing 
    with either an URL or an URN, and we don't care which. 
</dl>
<dl> 
  <dt><a name="URL"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#URL"><b>URL</b></a> 
  <dd>Universal Resource Locator. A pointer to a specific location (address) on 
    the Web that is unique in all the world. The first part of the URL defines 
    the type of address. For example, <code>http:/</code> identifies a Web location. 
    The <code>ftp:/</code> prefix identifies a downloadable file. Other prefixes 
    include <code>file:/</code> (a file on the local disk system) and <code>mailto:/</code> 
    (an email address). 
</dl>
<dl> 
  <dt><a name="URN"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#URN"><b>URN</b></a> 
  <dd>Universal Resource Name. A unique identifier that identifies an <a href="#entity">entity</a>, 
    but doesn't tell where it is located. That lets the system look it up to see 
    if a local copy exists before going out to find it on the Web. It also allows 
    the web location to change, while still allowing the object to be found. 
</dl>
<a name="V"><!-- --></a> 
<h2> <b>V</b></h2>
<dl> 
  <dt><a name="valid"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#valid"><b>valid</b></a> 
  <dd>A valid XML document, in addition to being <a href="#wellFormed">well formed</a>, 
    conforms to all the constraints imposed by a <a href="#DTD">DTD</a>. In other 
    words, it does not contain any tags that are not permitted by the DTD, and 
    the order of the tags conforms to the DTD's specifications. 
  <dt>&nbsp; 
  <dt> 
  <dt><br>
    <a name="validatingParser"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#validatingParser"><b>validating 
    parser</b></a> 
  <dd>A validating parser is a parser which ensures that an XML document is <a href="#valid">valid</a>, 
    as well as <a href="#wellFormed">well-formed</a>.<br>
    See also: <a href="#parser">parser</a>. 
</dl>
<a name="W"><!-- --></a> 
<h2> <b>W</b></h2>
<dl> 
  <dt><a name="W3C"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#W3C"><b>w3c</b></a> 
  <dd>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. The international 
    body that governs Internet standards. 
  <dt><br>
  <dt><a name="warning"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#warning"><b>warning</b></a> 
  <dd>A SAX parser warning is generated when the document's DTD contains duplicate 
    definitions, and similar situations that are not necessarily an error, but 
    which the document author might like to know about, since they could be. See 
    also: <a href="#fatalError">fatal error</a>, <a href="#error">error</a>. 
</dl>
<dl> 
  <dt><a name="wellFormed"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#wellFormed"><b>well-formed</b></a> 
  <dd>A well-formed XML document is syntactically correct. It does not have any 
    angle brackets that are not part of tags. (The <a href="#entityReference">entity 
    reference</a>s <code>&amp;lt;</code> and <code>&amp;gt;</code> are used to 
    embed angle brackets in an XML document.) In addition, all tags have an ending 
    tag or are themselves self-ending (<code>&lt;slide&gt;..&lt;/slide&gt;</code> 
    or <code>&lt;slide/&gt;</code>). In addition, in a well-formed document, all 
    tags are fully nested. They never overlap, so this arrangement would produce 
    an error: <code>&lt;slide&gt;&lt;image&gt;..&lt;/slide&gt;&lt;/image&gt;</code>. 
    Knowing that a document is well formed makes it possible to process it. A 
    well-formed document may not be <a href="#valid">valid</a> however. To determine 
    that, you need a <a href="#validatingParser">validating parser</a> and a <a href="#DTD">DTD</a>. 
  <dt>&nbsp; 
  <dt> 
</dl>
<a name="X"><!-- --></a> 
<h2> <b>X</b></h2>
<dl> 
  <dt><a name="XHTML"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#XHTML"><b>XHTML</b></a> 
  <dd>An XML lookalike for HTML defined by one of several XHTML <a href="#DTD">DTD</a>s. 
    To use XHTML for <i>everything</i> would of course defeat the purpose of XML, 
    since the idea of XML is to identify information content, not just tell how 
    to display it. XHTML makes the conversion from HTML to XML, though. You can 
    also reference it in a DTD, which allows you to say, for example, that the 
    text in an element can contain <code>&lt;em&gt;</code> and <code>&lt;b&gt;</code> 
    tags, rather than being limited to plain text. 
  <dt>&nbsp; 
  <dt> 
  <dt><br>
  <dt><a name="XLink"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#XLink"><b>XLink</b></a> 
  <dd>The part of the <a href="#XLL">XLL</a> specification that is concerned with 
    specifying links between documents. 
  <dt><br>
    <a name="XLL"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#XLL"><b>XLL</b></a> 
  <dd>The XML Link Language specification, consisting of <a href="#Xlink">XLink</a> 
    and<a href="#XPointer"> XPointer</a>. 
  <dt><br>
    <a name="XML"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#XML"><b>XML</b></a> 
  <dd>Extensible Markup Language, which allows you to define the tags (markup) 
    that you need to identify the data and text in XML documents. 
  <dt>&nbsp;</dt>
  <dt><a name="XMLschema"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#XMLschema"><b>XML Schema</b></a> 
  <dd>The w3c <a href="glossary.html#schema">schema</a> specification for XML 
    documents.. 
</dl>
<dl> 
  <dt><a name="XPointer"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#XPointer"><b>XPointer</b></a> 
  <dd>The part of the <a href="#XLL">XLL</a> specification that is concerned with 
    identifying sections of documents so that they can referenced in links or 
    included in other documents. 
  <dt>&nbsp; 
  <dt> 
  <dt><br>
  <dt><a name="XSL"></a><a href="alphaIndex.html#XSL"><b>XSL</b></a> 
  <dd>Extensible Stylesheet Language. An important standard that achieves several 
    goals. XSL lets you: 
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Specify display characteristics, so that you can both identify data 
        content in an XML file and tell how to display it with an XSL stylesheet.</li>
      <li> Specify tag conversions, so you convert one kind of XML tags into another 
        kind (example: <code>MyName =&gt; CustomerName</code>, so that my personal 
        data file can be used to place an order).</li>
      <li>Specify &quot;flow objects&quot; or &quot;formatting objects&quot;, 
        and the links between them, so that information fills in one area of a 
        page and then flows automatically to a different area when that area fills 
        up. That allows you to wrap text around pictures, for example, or to continue 
        a newsletter article on a different page.</li>
    </ol>
  <dt>&nbsp; 
  <dt> 
</dl>
<a name="Y"><!-- --></a>
<h2> <b>Y</b></h2>
<a name="Z"><!-- --></a>
<h2> <b>Z</b></h2>
<a name="_"><!-- --></a> 
<h2> <b>_ (non-alpha)</b></h2>
<HR>
  <a href="#A">A</a> <a href="#B">B</a> <a href="#C">C</a> <a href="#D">D</a> 
  <a href="#E">E</a> <a href="#F">F</a> <a href="#G">G</a> <a href="#H">H</a> 
  <a href="#I">I</a> <a href="#J">J</a> <a href="#K">K</a> <a href="#L">L</a> 
  <a href="#M">M</a> <a href="#N">N</a> <a href="#O">O</a> <a href="#P">P</a> 
  <a href="#Q">Q</a> <a href="#R">R</a> <a href="#S">S</a> <a href="#T">T</a> 
  <a href="#U">U</a> <a href="#V">V</a> <a href="#W">W</a> <a href="#X">X</a> 
  <a href="#Y">Y</a> <a href="#Z">Z</a> <a href="#_">_</a> 
<HR>
<font size="-1"> </font>
<table width="100%">
  <tr> 
    <td align=left height="26"> <img src="images/dim_PreviousArrow.gif" width=26 height=26 align=bottom border=0 alt="Previous | "><img src="images/dim_NextArrow.gif" width=26 height=26 align=bottom border=0 alt="Next | "><a href="alphaIndex.html"><img src="images/xml_IDX.gif" width=26 height=26 align=bottom border=0 alt="Index | "></a><a href="TOC.html"><img
src="images/xml_TOC.gif" width=26 height=26 align=bottom border=0 alt="TOC | "></a><a href="index.html"><img
src="images/xml_Top.gif" width=26 height=26 align=bottom border=0 alt="Top | "></a> 
    </td>
    <td align=right height="26"><strong><em><a href="index.html">Top</a></em></strong> <a href="TOC.html"><strong><em>Contents</em></strong></a> 
      <a href="alphaIndex.html"><strong><em>Index</em></strong></a> <em>Glossary</em> 
    </td>
  </tr>
</table>
</BODY>
</HTML>