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📄 bash.0

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              \\vv     vertical tab              \\\\     backslash              \\''     single quote              \\""     double quote              \\_n_n_n   the eight-bit character whose value is  the  octal  value                     _n_n_n (one to three digits)              \\xx_H_H   the  eight-bit  character  whose value is the hexadecimal                     value _H_H (one or two hex digits)              \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is  the                     hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H (one to four hex digits)              \\UU_H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H                     the  Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the                     hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H (one to eight hex digits)              \\cc_x    a control-_x character       The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the  dollar  sign  had  not       been present.       A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign ($$"_s_t_r_i_n_g") will cause       the string to be translated according to the current  locale.   If  the       current  locale  is  CC  or  PPOOSSIIXX,  the dollar sign is ignored.  If the       string is translated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS       A _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an entity that stores values.  It can be a _n_a_m_e, a  num-       ber, or one of the special characters listed below under SSppeecciiaall PPaarraamm--       eetteerrss.  A _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e is a parameter denoted by a _n_a_m_e.  A variable has  a       _v_a_l_u_e  and  zero or more _a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e_s.  Attributes are assigned using the       ddeeccllaarree builtin command (see ddeeccllaarree below in SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN  CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS).       A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value.  The null string is       a valid value.  Once a variable is set, it may be unset only  by  using       the uunnsseett builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below).       A _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e may be assigned to by a statement of the form              _n_a_m_e=[_v_a_l_u_e]       If  _v_a_l_u_e  is not given, the variable is assigned the null string.  All       _v_a_l_u_e_s undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,  com-       mand  substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see EEXXPPAANN--       SSIIOONN below).  If the variable has its iinntteeggeerr attribute set, then _v_a_l_u_e       is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the $((...)) expansion       is not used (see AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn below).  Word  splitting  is  not       performed,  with the exception of ""$$@@"" as explained below under SSppeecciiaall       PPaarraammeetteerrss.  Pathname expansion is not  performed.   Assignment  state-       ments  may  also  appear  as  arguments to the aalliiaass, ddeeccllaarree, ttyyppeesseett,       eexxppoorrtt, rreeaaddoonnllyy, and llooccaall builtin commands.       In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to  a       shell variable or array index, the += operator can be used to append to       or add to the variable's previous value.  When += is applied to a vari-       able  for  which the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute has been set, _v_a_l_u_e is evaluated       as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current  value,       which is also evaluated.  When += is applied to an array variable using       compound assignment (see AArrrraayyss below), the  variable's  value  is  not       unset (as it is when using =), and new values are appended to the array       beginning at one greater than the array's maximum  index  (for  indexed       arrays) or added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array.       When applied  to  a  string-valued  variable,  _v_a_l_u_e  is  expanded  and       appended to the variable's value.   PPoossiittiioonnaall PPaarraammeetteerrss       A  _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n_a_l  _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r  is a parameter denoted by one or more digits,       other than the single digit 0.  Positional parameters are assigned from       the  shell's  arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using       the sseett builtin command.  Positional parameters may not be assigned  to       with  assignment statements.  The positional parameters are temporarily       replaced when a shell function is executed (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below).       When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single  digit  is       expanded, it must be enclosed in braces (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below).   SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss       The  shell  treats  several parameters specially.  These parameters may       only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed.       **      Expands to the positional parameters, starting from  one.   When              the  expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a sin-              gle word with the value of each parameter separated by the first              character of the IIFFSS special variable.  That is, "$$**" is equiva-              lent to "$$11_c$$22_c......", where _c is the first character of the value              of  the IIFFSS variable.  If IIFFSS is unset, the parameters are sepa-              rated by spaces.  If IIFFSS is  null,  the  parameters  are  joined              without intervening separators.       @@      Expands  to  the positional parameters, starting from one.  When              the  expansion  occurs  within  double  quotes,  each  parameter              expands to a separate word.  That is, "$$@@" is equivalent to "$$11"              "$$22" ...  If the double-quoted expansion occurs within  a  word,              the  expansion  of the first parameter is joined with the begin-              ning part of the original word, and the expansion  of  the  last              parameter  is  joined  with  the last part of the original word.              When there are no positional parameters, "$$@@" and $$@@  expand  to              nothing (i.e., they are removed).       ##      Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.       ??      Expands  to  the exit status of the most recently executed fore-              ground pipeline.       --      Expands to the current option flags as  specified  upon  invoca-              tion,  by  the  sseett  builtin  command, or those set by the shell              itself (such as the --ii option).       $$      Expands to the process ID of the shell.  In a  ()  subshell,  it              expands  to  the  process  ID of the current shell, not the sub-              shell.       !!      Expands to the process ID of the most  recently  executed  back-              ground (asynchronous) command.       00      Expands  to  the name of the shell or shell script.  This is set              at shell initialization.  If bbaasshh is invoked with a file of com-              mands,  $$00  is set to the name of that file.  If bbaasshh is started              with the --cc option, then $$00 is set to the first  argument  after              the  string to be executed, if one is present.  Otherwise, it is              set to the file name used to invoke bbaasshh, as given  by  argument              zero.       __      At  shell  startup,  set to the absolute pathname used to invoke              the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the  envi-              ronment  or  argument  list.   Subsequently, expands to the last              argument to the previous command, after expansion.  Also set  to              the  full  pathname  used  to  invoke  each command executed and              placed in the environment exported to that command.  When check-              ing  mail,  this  parameter holds the name of the mail file cur-              rently being checked.   SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess       The following variables are set by the shell:       BBAASSHH   Expands to the full file name used to invoke  this  instance  of              bbaasshh.       BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS              A  colon-separated  list of enabled shell options.  Each word in              the list is a valid argument for the  --ss  option  to  the  sshhoopptt              builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below).  The options              appearing in BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS are those reported as  _o_n  by  sshhoopptt.   If              this  variable  is  in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each              shell option in the list will  be  enabled  before  reading  any              startup files.  This variable is read-only.       BBAASSHHPPIIDD              Expands  to  the  process  ID of the current bbaasshh process.  This              differs from $$$$ under certain circumstances, such  as  subshells              that do not require bbaasshh to be re-initialized.       BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS              An  associative  array  variable whose members correspond to the              internal list of aliases as maintained  by  the  aalliiaass  builtin.              Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting              array elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias  list.       BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC              An  array  variable whose values are the number of parameters in              each frame of the current bbaasshh execution call stack.  The number              of  parameters  to  the  current  subroutine  (shell function or              script executed with .. or ssoouurrccee) is at the top  of  the  stack.              When  a  subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed              is pushed onto BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC.  The shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC only when in              extended  debugging  mode  (see  the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg              option to the sshhoopptt builtin below)       BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV              An array variable containing all of the parameters in  the  cur-              rent bbaasshh execution call stack.  The final parameter of the last              subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first  parameter              of the initial call is at the bottom.  When a subroutine is exe-              cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto  BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV.   The              shell  sets  BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV only when in extended debugging mode (see              the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg  option  to  the  sshhoopptt  builtin              below)       BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS              An  associative  array  variable whose members correspond to the              internal hash table  of  commands  as  maintained  by  the  hhaasshh              builtin.  Elements added to this array appear in the hash table;              unsetting array elements cause commands to be removed  from  the              hash table.       BBAASSHH__CCOOMMMMAANNDD              The  command  currently  being executed or about to be executed,              unless the shell is executing a command as the result of a trap,              in  which  case  it  is the command executing at the time of the              trap.       BBAASSHH__EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN__SSTTRRIINNGG              The command argument to the --cc invocation option.       BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO              An array variable whose members are the line numbers  in  source              files  where  each corresponding member of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE was invoked.              $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}}  is  the  line  number  in  the  source  file              ($${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}})  where  $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}}  was  called  (or              $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i_-_1]]}} if referenced within  another  shell  func-              tion).  Use LLIINNEENNOO to obtain the current line number.       BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH              An  array  variable  whose members are assigned by the ==~~ binary              operator to the [[[[ conditional command.  The element with  index              0  is  the  portion  of  the  string matching the entire regular              expression.  The element with index _n  is  the  portion  of  the              string matching the _nth parenthesized subexpression.  This vari-              able is read-only.       BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE              An array variable whose members are the source  filenames  where              the  corresponding  shell  function  names in the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE array              variable are defined.  The  shell  function  $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}}  is              defined   in   the   file  $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i]]}}  and  called  from              $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}}.       BBAASSHH__SSUUBBSSHHEELLLL              Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell  environment              is spawned.  The initial value is 0.

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