gasample.cpp

西安交大出版的王小平的遗传算法的书一个简单遗传算法例子 .

#include <stdio.h>
#include "malloc.h"
#include <math.h>
#include "stdlib.h"
/* 全局变量 */
struct individual                       /* 个体*/
{
    unsigned *chrom;                    /* 染色体 */
    double   fitness;                   /* 个体适应度*/
    double   varible;                   /* 个体对应的变量值*/
    int      xsite;                     /* 交叉位置 */
    int      parent[2];                 /* 父个体  */
    int      *utility;                  /* 特定数据指针变量 */
};
struct bestever                         /* 最佳个体*/
{
    unsigned *chrom;                    /* 最佳个体染色体*/
    double   fitness;                   /* 最佳个体适应度 */
    double   varible;                   /* 最佳个体对应的变量值 */
    int      generation;                /* 最佳个体生成代 */
};
 struct individual *oldpop;             /* 当前代种群 */
 struct individual *newpop;             /* 新一代种群 */
 struct bestever bestfit;               /* 最佳个体 */
 double sumfitness;                     /* 种群中个体适应度累计 */
 double max;                            /* 种群中个体最大适应度 */
 double avg;                            /* 种群中个体平均适应度 */
 double min;                            /* 种群中个体最小适应度 */
 float  pcross;                         /* 交叉概率 */
 float  pmutation;                      /* 变异概率 */
 int    popsize;                        /* 种群大小  */
 int    lchrom;                         /* 染色体长度*/
 int    chromsize;                      /* 存储一染色体所需字节数 */
 int    gen;                            /* 当前世代数 */
 int    maxgen;                         /* 最大世代数   */
 int    run;                            /* 当前运行次数 */
 int    maxruns;                        /* 总运行次数   */
 int    printstrings;                   /* 输出染色体编码的判断，0 -- 不输出, 1 -- 输出 */
 int    nmutation;                      /* 当前代变异发生次数 */
 int    ncross;                         /* 当前代交叉发生次数 */

/* 随机数发生器使用的静态变量 */
static double oldrand[55];
static int jrand;
static double rndx2;
static int rndcalcflag;
/* 输出文件指针 */
FILE *outfp ;
/* 函数定义 */
void advance_random();
int flip(float);rnd(int, int);
void randomize();
double randomnormaldeviate();
float randomperc(),rndreal(float,float);
void warmup_random(float);
void initialize(),initdata(),initpop();
void initreport(),generation(),initmalloc();
void freeall(),nomemory(char *),report();
void writepop(),writechrom(unsigned *);
void preselect();
void statistics(struct individual *);
void title(),repchar (FILE *,char *,int);
void skip(FILE *,int);
int select();
void objfunc(struct individual *);
int crossover (unsigned *, unsigned *, unsigned *, unsigned *);
void mutation(unsigned *);


void initialize()  /* 遗传算法初始化 */
{
    /* 键盘输入遗传算法参数 */
    initdata();
    /* 确定染色体的字节长度 */
    chromsize = (lchrom/(8*sizeof(unsigned)));
    if(lchrom%(8*sizeof(unsigned))) chromsize++;
    /*分配给全局数据结构空间 */
    initmalloc();
    /* 初始化随机数发生器 */
    randomize();
    /* 初始化全局计数变量和一些数值*/
    nmutation = 0;
    ncross = 0;
    bestfit.fitness = 0.0;
    bestfit.generation = 0;
    /* 初始化种群，并统计计算结果 */
    initpop();
    statistics(oldpop);
    initreport();
}

void initdata()   /* 遗传算法参数输入 */
{
   char  answer[2];
    
   printf("种群大小(50-200)：");
   scanf("%d", &popsize);
    if((popsize%2) != 0)
      {
	printf( "种群大小已设置为偶数\n");
	popsize++;
      };
   
  printf("染色体长度(64-1000)：");
   scanf("%d", &lchrom);
   
   printf("是否输出染色体编码(y/n)：");
   printstrings=1;
   scanf("%s", answer);
    //if(strncmp(answer,"n",1) == 0) printstrings = 0;
   printf("最大世代数(100-300)：");
   scanf("%d", &maxgen);
   
   printf("交叉率(0.2-0.99)：");
   scanf("%f", &pcross);
  
   printf("变异率(0.01-0.9)：");
   scanf("%f", &pmutation);
}

void initpop()  /* 随机初始化种群 */
{
    int j, j1, k, stop;
    unsigned mask = 1;
    for(j = 0; j < popsize; j++)
    {
        for(k = 0; k < chromsize; k++)
        {
            oldpop[j].chrom[k] = 0;
            if(k == (chromsize-1))
                stop = lchrom - (k*(8*sizeof(unsigned)));
            else
                stop =8*sizeof(unsigned);
            for(j1 = 1; j1 <= stop; j1++)
            {
               oldpop[j].chrom[k] = oldpop[j].chrom[k]<<1;
               if(flip(0.5))
                  oldpop[j].chrom[k] = oldpop[j].chrom[k]|mask;
            }
        }
        oldpop[j].parent[0] = 0; /* 初始父个体信息 */
        oldpop[j].parent[1] = 0;
        oldpop[j].xsite = 0;
        objfunc(&(oldpop[j]));  /* 计算初始适应度*/
    }
}

void initreport()  /* 初始参数输出 */
{
   // void   skip();
    skip(outfp,1);
    printf("             基本遗传算法参数\n");
    printf(" -------------------------------------------------\n");
    printf("    种群大小(popsize)     =   %d\n",popsize);
    printf("    染色体长度(lchrom)    =   %d\n",lchrom);
    printf("    最大进化代数(maxgen)  =   %d\n",maxgen);
    printf("    交叉概率(pcross)        = %f\n", pcross);
    printf("    变异概率(pmutation)     = %f\n", pmutation);
    printf(" -------------------------------------------------\n");
    skip(outfp,1);
    fflush(outfp);
}

void generation()
{
  int mate1, mate2, jcross, j = 0;
  /*  每代运算前进行预选 */
  preselect();
  /* 选择, 交叉, 变异 */
  do
    {
      /* 挑选交叉配对 */
      mate1 = select();
      mate2 = select();
      /* 交叉和变异 */
      jcross = crossover(oldpop[mate1].chrom, oldpop[mate2].chrom, newpop[j].chrom, newpop[j+1].chrom);
      mutation(newpop[j].chrom);
      mutation(newpop[j+1].chrom);
      /* 解码, 计算适应度 */
      objfunc(&(newpop[j]));
      /*记录亲子关系和交叉位置 */
      newpop[j].parent[0] = mate1+1;
      newpop[j].xsite = jcross;
      newpop[j].parent[1] = mate2+1;
      objfunc(&(newpop[j+1]));
      newpop[j+1].parent[0] = mate1+1;
      newpop[j+1].xsite = jcross;
      newpop[j+1].parent[1] = mate2+1;
      j = j + 2;
    }
  while(j < (popsize-1));

}

void initmalloc()     /*为全局数据变量分配空间 */
{
  unsigned nbytes;
  //char  *malloc();
  int j;
  /* 分配给当前代和新一代种群内存空间 */
  nbytes = popsize*sizeof(struct individual);
  if((oldpop = (struct individual *) malloc(nbytes)) == NULL)
    nomemory("oldpop");
  if((newpop = (struct individual *) malloc(nbytes)) == NULL)
    nomemory("newpop");
  /* 分配给染色体内存空间 */
  nbytes = chromsize*sizeof(unsigned);
  for(j = 0; j < popsize; j++)
    {
      if((oldpop[j].chrom = (unsigned *) malloc(nbytes)) == NULL)
	nomemory("oldpop chromosomes");
      if((newpop[j].chrom = (unsigned *) malloc(nbytes)) == NULL)
	nomemory("newpop chromosomes");
    }
  if((bestfit.chrom = (unsigned *) malloc(nbytes)) == NULL)
    nomemory("bestfit chromosome");

}

void freeall()    /* 释放内存空间 */
{
  int i;
   for(i = 0; i < popsize; i++)
    {
      free(oldpop[i].chrom);
      free(newpop[i].chrom);
    }
  free(oldpop);
  free(newpop);
  free(bestfit.chrom);
   }

void nomemory(char *string) /* 内存不足，退出*/
{
  printf("malloc: out of memory making %s!!\n",string);
  exit(-1);
}

void report()    /* 输出种群统计结果 */
{
    //void  repchar(), skip();
    //void  writepop(), writestats();
    repchar(outfp,"-",80);
    skip(outfp,1); 
    if(printstrings == 1)
    {
        repchar(outfp," ",((80-17)/2));
        printf("模拟计算统计报告  \n");
        printf( "世代数 %3d", gen);
        repchar(outfp," ",(80-28));
        printf( "世代数 %3d\n", (gen+1));
        printf("个体  染色体编码");
        repchar(outfp," ",lchrom-5);
        printf("适应度    父个体 交叉位置  ");
        printf("染色体编码 ");
        repchar(outfp," ",lchrom-5);
        printf("适应度\n");
        repchar(outfp,"-",80);
        skip(outfp,1);
       // writepop(outfp);
        repchar(outfp,"-",80);
        skip(outfp,1);
     }
    printf("第 %d 代统计: \n",gen);
    printf("总交叉操作次数 = %d, 总变异操作数 = %d\n",ncross,nmutation);
    printf(" 最小适应度：%f 最大适应度：%f  平均适应度 %f\n", min,max,avg);
    printf(" 迄今发现最佳个体 => 所在代数： %d  ", bestfit.generation);
    printf(" 适应度：%f  染色体：", bestfit.fitness);
    writechrom((&bestfit)->chrom);
    printf(" 对应的变量值: %f", bestfit.varible);
    skip(outfp,1);
    repchar(outfp,"-",80);
    skip(outfp,1);  
}

void writepop()
{
    struct individual *pind;
    int j;
    for(j=0; j<popsize; j++)
    {
        printf("%3d)  ",j+1);
        /* 当前代个体 */
        pind = &(oldpop[j]);
        writechrom(pind->chrom);
       printf("  %8f | ", pind->fitness);
        /* 新一代个体 */
        pind = &(newpop[j]);
        printf("(%2d,%2d)   %2d   ",
        pind->parent[0], pind->parent[1], pind->xsite);
        writechrom(pind->chrom);
        printf("  %8f\n", pind->fitness);
    }
}

void writechrom(unsigned *chrom) /* 输出染色体编码 */
{
    int j, k, stop;
    unsigned mask = 1, tmp;
    for(k = 0; k < chromsize; k++)
    {
        tmp = chrom[k];
        if(k == (chromsize-1))
            stop = lchrom - (k*(8*sizeof(unsigned)));
        else
            stop =8*sizeof(unsigned);
        for(j = 0; j < stop; j++)
        {
            if(tmp&mask)
                printf("1");
            else
                printf("0");
            tmp = tmp>>1;
        }
    }
}

void preselect()