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<div class=Section1>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>2. </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial'>使用自动化的构建（</span><span lang=EN-US>build</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial'>）系统。</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>摘要</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>按（唯一的）一个键就搞定：请使用一个全自动（“一次完成”）的构建系统，它可以构建整个项目而无需用户干涉。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>讨论</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>一次完成的构建过程是必不可少的。它负责把源代码转变为可交付的包（</span><span
lang=EN-US>package</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>），它必须是独立的并且是可重复的。有许多现成的自动编译工具，没有理由不用。择其一而用之。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>我们见过一些组织，他们忽视</span> <span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>“一次完成”的必要性。有一些组织认为这样的构建过程也能够接受：用鼠标在这里那里点几下，运行一些工具来注册</span><span
lang=EN-US>COM/CORBA</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>服务端，然后手工复制一些文件。但是我们没有时间和精力去浪费在一些机器可以做得更快更好的事情上。我们需要一个自动的，独立的，一次完成的构建过程。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>成功的构建应该是安静的，不产生任何警告（参见第</span><span
lang=EN-US>1</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>条）。而理想的构建则不会产生无用信息，除了一条消息日志：“构建成功”。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>请准备两种构建方式：增量构建和完全构建。增量构建只重新构建那些自上次增量构建或完全构建以来改动过的部分。后果是：连续的两次增量构建中的后一次不应该写或输出文件，否则的话可能会导致循环依赖（参见第</span><span
lang=EN-US>22</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>条），或者导致构建系统执行一些不必要的操作（例如：写一些没用的临时文件，然后就扔掉）。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>一个项目可以有不同形式的完全构建。请考虑用一些基本的特性来参数化构建系统：这些特性可能是目标机器的体系结构，调试版</span><span
lang=EN-US>vs.</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>发行版，以及广度（基本文件</span><span lang=EN-US>
vs. </span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>所有文件</span> <span lang=EN-US>vs. </span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>完全安装）。一个构建配置可以创建产品必不可少的可执行文件和库，另一个配置可以另外创建一些辅助文件，而完全的构建则可以创建一个安装程序，其中包括了所有你的文件，第三方的文件，以及安装程序的代码。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>项目随时间而成长，而不使用自动构建的成本也随之增长。如果你不从项目的一开始就使用此类系统，那么你会浪费时间和资源。更糟糕的是，等你发现已经不得不使用自动构建系统的时候，那时你所面临的压力就比在项目开始的时候更大了。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>大型项目可能会有一个“构建专员（</span><span
lang=EN-US>build master</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）”，他的工作就是照管构建系统。</span></p>
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