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<HTML><BODY><PRE></PRE><H2>NAME</H2><PRE> lpcana - Performs LPC analysis using a crude pitch- synchronous method</PRE><H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE> <STRONG>lpcana</STRONG> [ <STRONG>-P</STRONG> <EM>param</EM>_<EM>file</EM> ] [ <STRONG>-r</STRONG> <EM>range</EM> ] [ <STRONG>-p</STRONG> <STRONG>range</STRONG> ] [ <STRONG>-</STRONG> <STRONG>m</STRONG> <EM>anal</EM>_<EM>method</EM> ] [ <STRONG>-F</STRONG> ] [ <STRONG>-x</STRONG> <EM>debug</EM>_<EM>level</EM> ] <EM>input</EM>_<EM>sd</EM> <EM>output</EM>_<EM>fea</EM></PRE><H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE> Use of this program is not recommended. For pitch synchro- nous analysis, see <STRONG><A HREF="../man1.html/epochs.1.html">epochs (1 -ESPS)</A></STRONG> and <STRONG><A HREF="../man1.html/ps_ana.1.html">ps_ana (1-ESPS)</A></STRONG>. <EM>lpcana</EM> takes as input an ESPS sampled data <STRONG><A HREF="../man5.html/FEA_SD.5.html">FEA_SD (5 - ESPS)</A></STRONG> file and it computes LPC filter coefficients and the excita- tion parameters using a crude pitch-synchronous method. The results are stored in the <STRONG><A HREF="../man5.html/FEA_ANA.5.html">FEA_ANA (5-ESPS)</A></STRONG> file <EM>output</EM>_<EM>fea</EM>. For each analysis frame of data, <EM>lpcana</EM> generates reflection coefficients, power, and voicing information. An output FEA_ANA record is generated for each pulse (several pulses per analysis frame), with enough information to enable <STRONG><A HREF="../man1.html/lpcsynt.1.html">lpcsynt (1-ESPS)</A></STRONG> to re-synthesize speech. The nominal frame size is set by the parameter <EM>lpc</EM>_<EM>frame</EM>_<EM>size</EM> but is deter- mined adaptively by the program. If the <STRONG>-F</STRONG> option is not used, <EM>refcof</EM> performs an additional spectral analysis on each pulse within the analysis frame and puts out a dif- ferent set of reflection coefficients for each pulse (if <STRONG>-F</STRONG> is used, all pulses from the same analysis frame have the same reflection coefficients). If "-" is used in place of <EM>input</EM>_<EM>sd</EM>, standard input is used. If " - " is used in place of <EM>output</EM>_<EM>fea</EM>, standard output is used.</PRE><H2>OPTIONS</H2><PRE> The following options are supported: <STRONG>-P</STRONG> <EM>param</EM>_<EM>file</EM> uses the parameter file <EM>param</EM>_<EM>file</EM> rather than the default file <EM>params</EM>. <STRONG>-p</STRONG> <EM>range</EM> Selects a subrange of points to be analyzed. The start and end points are defined with respect to the original SD file that is the source of the input FEA_ANA file. The range is specified using the format <EM>start</EM>-<EM>end</EM> or <EM>start</EM>:<EM>end</EM> or <EM>start</EM>:+<EM>nan</EM>. Either <EM>start</EM> or <EM>end</EM> may be omitted, in which case the omitted parameter defaults respectively to the start or end of the input SD file. <STRONG>-r</STRONG> <EM>range</EM> <STRONG>r</STRONG> is a synonym for <STRONG>p</STRONG>. <STRONG>-m</STRONG> <EM>anal</EM>_<EM>method</EM>[mburg] Specifies the spectrum analysis method. The default is the modified Burg method. Also available are the auto- correlation method ("autoc"), ovariance method ("cov"), Burg method ("burg"), fast modified Burg method ("fburg"), stuctured covariance ("strcov" and "strcov1"), and vector Burg ("vburg", fast approxima- tion to structured covariance. Of the two structured covariance methods, the first ("strcov" is considerably faster and better behaved; "strcov1" is older but included as it may prove useful on occasion. The <STRONG>-m</STRONG> option overrides the value that may be in the parameter file. The default applies only if there is no value in the parameter file. <STRONG>-F</STRONG> Specifies use of the framing method of the previous version of <EM>refcof</EM>, in which the reflection coefficients for each pulse in an analysis frame are determined by a spectral analysis of the entire frame. If <STRONG>-F</STRONG> is not used, an additional spectrum analysis is performed for each pulse. <STRONG>-x</STRONG> <EM>debug</EM>_<EM>level</EM> [0] option specifies that various information or debugging messages be printed on standard error.</PRE><H2>ESPS HEADER</H2><PRE> The generic header item <EM>start</EM>_<EM>time</EM> (type DOUBLE) is written in the output file. The value written is computed by taking the <EM>start</EM>_<EM>time</EM> value from the header of the input file (or zero, if such a header item doesn't exist) and adding to it the offset time (from the beginning of the input file) of the first point or record processed. Unlike many other ESPS programs, <EM>lpcana</EM> does <EM>not</EM> write the generic header item <EM>record</EM>_<EM>freq</EM> (used by <EM>waves</EM>+ for time synchronization); this is because the output records from <EM>lpcana</EM> result from a variable frame length analysis. The following generic header items are added (in addition to the standard ones (FEA_ANA-5): <EM>p</EM>_<EM>offset</EM> - <EM>integer</EM> How many points before the beginning of the pulse the spectrum analysis window is started. <EM>dcrem</EM> - <EM>string</EM> Yes means that the DC component was removed before the data was analyzed. <EM>psynch</EM> - <EM>string</EM> Yes means that the spectrum analysis is done pitch syn- chronously. <EM>matsiz</EM> - <EM>integer</EM> The size of the autocorrelation matrix that was used in the spectrum analysis.</PRE><H2>ESPS PARAMETERS</H2><PRE> The values of parameters obtained from the parameter file are printed if the environment variable ESPS_VERBOSE is 3 or greater. The default value is 3. The following parameters are read from the parameter file: <EM>start</EM> - <EM>integer</EM> This is the starting point in the input file. Its value is superseded by a <STRONG>-p</STRONG> value. The default value is 1. <EM>nan</EM> - <EM>integer</EM> This is the number of points to analyze. Its value is superseded by a <STRONG>-p</STRONG> value. <EM>lpc</EM>_<EM>filter</EM>_<EM>order</EM> - <EM>integer</EM> This is the order of the linear prediction filter that represents the vocal tract. The maximum allowable size is 20. The default value is 10. <EM>lpc</EM>_<EM>frame</EM>_<EM>size</EM> - <EM>integer</EM> This is the nominal frame size for performing spectral analysis. The default value is 160. <EM>minimum</EM>_<EM>pulse</EM>_<EM>length</EM> - <EM>integer</EM> This specifies the minimum pitch period. The algorithm has been well tested for the pitch range of 50-400 Hz. Thus a typical value of this variable is 20, assuming a sampling rate of 8000 Hz. The default value is 20. <EM>method</EM> - <EM>string</EM> The spectrum analysis method to use. The available methods are autocorrelation ("autoc"), covariance ("covar"), Burg ("burg"), modified Burg ("mburg"), fast modified Burg method ("fburg"), stuctured covariance ("strcov" and "strcov1"), and vector Burg ("vburg", a fast approximation to structured covariance. If no value is given in the file, the modified Burg method is used by default. The <EM>method</EM> is not read from the parameter file if the command line option <STRONG>-m</STRONG> is used.</PRE><H2>ESPS COMMON</H2><PRE> If the input is standard input, COMMON is not read. If COM- MON is read and the command line input filename does match the filename listed in COMMON then, the following items are read. If the two filenames do not match, then no further parameters are read from COMMON. <EM>start</EM> - <EM>integer</EM> This is the starting point in the input file. Any <STRONG>-</STRONG> <STRONG>p</STRONG> option value supersedes the COMMON specified value. <EM>nan</EM> - <EM>integer</EM> This is the number of points to analyze. A <STRONG>-p</STRONG> specified value supersedes the COMMON specified value. ESPS Common processing may be disabled by setting the environment variable USE_ESPS_COMMON to "off". The default ESPS Common file is .espscom in the user's home directory. This may be overidden by setting the environment variable ESPSCOM to the desired path. User feedback of Common pro- cessing is determined by the environment variable ESPS_VERBOSE, with 0 causing no feedback and increasing lev- els causing increasingly detailed feedback. If ESPS_VERBOSE is not defined, a default value of 3 is assumed.</PRE><H2>COMMENTS</H2><PRE> The algorithm has been developed for speech sampled at 8000 Hz. It works best when the data is recorded using a good microphone. Its quality is degraded, when working with tele- phone speech (especially if carbon microphone is used). The speech data is not pre-emphasized prior to LPC analysis, and the modified Burg method is used for computing the LPC parameters.</PRE><H2>FUTURE CHANGES</H2><PRE> NONE.</PRE><H2>BUGS</H2><PRE> If the input data consists of a long string of zeros, the program bombs.</PRE><H2>SEE ALSO</H2><PRE> <STRONG><A HREF="../man1.html/refcof.1.html">refcof (1-ESPS)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="../man1.html/lpcsynt.1.html">lpcsynt (1-ESPS)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="../man5.html/FEA_ANA.5.html">FEA_ANA (5-ESPS)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="../man5.html/FEA_SD.5.html">FEA_SD (5-ESPS)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="../man3.html/compute_rc.3.html">compute_rc (3-ESPSsp)</A></STRONG></PRE><H2>AUTHOR</H2><PRE> S. Shankar Narayan. ESPS 3.0 modification by David Burton. Modified for <STRONG><A HREF="../man3.html/compute_rc.3.html">compute_rc (3-ESPSsp)</A></STRONG> and for single-pulse out- put by John Shore.</PRE></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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