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<HTML><BODY><PRE></PRE><H2>NAME</H2><PRE> me_sgram - produces a maximum-entropy-based FEA_SPEC file suitable for displaying as a spectrogram</PRE><H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE> <STRONG>me_sgram</STRONG> [ <STRONG>-s</STRONG> <EM>range</EM> ] [ <STRONG>-P</STRONG> <EM>param</EM>_<EM>file</EM> ] [ <STRONG>-p</STRONG> <EM>range</EM> ] [ <STRONG>-</STRONG> <STRONG>r</STRONG> <EM>range</EM> ] [ <STRONG>-m</STRONG> <EM>method</EM> ] [ <STRONG>-a</STRONG> <EM>lpc</EM>_<EM>method</EM> ] [ <STRONG>-w</STRONG> <EM>window</EM>_<EM>len</EM> ] [ <STRONG>-E</STRONG> <EM>pre</EM>_<EM>emphasis</EM> ] [ <STRONG>-o</STRONG> <EM>analysis</EM>_<EM>order</EM> ] [ <STRONG>-S</STRONG> <EM>step</EM>_<EM>size</EM> ] [ <STRONG>-</STRONG> <STRONG>d</STRONG> <EM>data</EM>_<EM>window</EM> ] [ <STRONG>-c</STRONG> <EM>conv</EM>_<EM>test</EM> ] [ <STRONG>-i</STRONG> <EM>max</EM>_<EM>iter</EM> ] [ <STRONG>-D</STRONG> ] <EM>input</EM>.<EM>SD</EM> <EM>output</EM>.<EM>SPEC</EM></PRE><H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE> <EM>Me</EM>_<EM>sgram</EM> reads an ESPS sampled data file, pre-emphasizes it, and produces an ESPS <STRONG><A HREF="../man5.html/FEA_SPEC.5.html">FEA_SPEC(5-ESPS)</A></STRONG> file, which qresults from maximum entropy spectral analysis. This file is suit- able for displaying as a speech spectrogram. (See <EM>plotsgram</EM> (1-ESPS).) By default (specifying no options) or by speci- fying <EM>wb</EM> for the <STRONG>-m</STRONG> option, <EM>me</EM>_<EM>sgram</EM> produces a FEA_SPEC file that simulates the analysis done to produce a wide-band speech spectrogram. Alternatively, by specifying <EM>nb</EM> for the <STRONG>-m</STRONG> option, a FEA_SPEC file that simulates the analysis for a narrow-band spectrogram is computed. The <STRONG>-m</STRONG> option simply defines different defaults for the other options. By speci- fying any of the other options, in addition to <STRONG>-m</STRONG>, the default values are overridden by the specified option values. This allows the user to alter the basic display to highlight facets of the spectrogram that are of particular interest. <EM>me</EM>_<EM>sgram</EM> is a shell script that makes use of <EM>filter</EM> (1 - ESPS), <STRONG><A HREF="../man1.html/refcof.1.html">refcof (1-ESPS)</A></STRONG>, and <STRONG><A HREF="../man1.html/me_spec.1.html">me_spec (1-ESPS)</A></STRONG>; the parameter file is processed using <STRONG><A HREF="../man1.html/getparam.1.html">getparam (1-ESPS)</A></STRONG>. If "-" is specified for the output file, standard output is used. Note, standard input cannot be read by this script.</PRE><H2>OPTIONS</H2><PRE> <STRONG>-s</STRONG> <EM>start</EM>_<EM>time</EM>:<EM>end</EM>_<EM>time</EM> [0.0:(end of file)] <STRONG>-s</STRONG> <EM>start</EM>_<EM>time</EM>:+<EM>duration</EM> Determines the range in seconds in the input file over which the spectrogram values are to be computed. In the first form, a pair of real numbers gives the start- ing and ending times of the range. The correspondence between samples and times is determined by two quanti- ties: the starting time of the file and the interval between samples. The former is given by the generic header item <EM>start</EM>_<EM>time</EM> in the input file, or 0.0 if the header item is not present. The latter is the recipro- cal of the sample frequency <EM>sf</EM> in the type-dependent part of the SD header. If <EM>start</EM>_<EM>time</EM> is omitted, the starting time of the file is used. If <EM>end</EM>_<EM>time</EM> is omitted, the range extends through the end of the file. The second form of the option is equivalent to the first with <EM>end</EM> = <EM>start</EM> + <EM>duration</EM> . <STRONG>-p</STRONG> <EM>starting</EM>_<EM>point</EM>:<EM>end</EM>_<EM>point</EM> [1:(end of file)] <STRONG>-p</STRONG> <EM>starting</EM>_<EM>point</EM>:+<EM>incr</EM> Determines the range in points in the input file over which the spectrogram values are to be computed. In the first form, a pair of unsigned integers gives the first and last points of the range, counting from 1 for the first point in the file. If first is omitted, 1 is used. If last is omitted, the range extends to the end of the file. The second form is equivalent to the first with last = first + incr . This option should not be specified if -s is specified. <STRONG>-r</STRONG> <EM>range</EM> <STRONG>-r</STRONG> is a synonym for <STRONG>-p</STRONG>. <STRONG>-m</STRONG> <EM>method</EM> [wb] The basic method is specified here. There are two pos- sible values: <EM>wb</EM> for wide band and <EM>nb</EM> for narrow band. By specifying <EM>wb</EM>, the following values are set: lpc_method = fburg, pre-emphasis = .94, analysis_order = 10, window_len = 8 msec., step_size = 2 msec., and data_window = RECT. By specifying <EM>nb</EM>, the following values are set: lpc_method = fburg, pre-emphasis = .94, analysis_order = 10, window_len = 40 msec., step_size = 2 msec., and data_window = RECT. <STRONG>-a</STRONG> <EM>lpc</EM>_<EM>method</EM> [fburg] Specifies the spectrum analysis method. The default is the fast modified Burg ("fburg") method. Also avail- able are the autocorrelation method "autoc"), covari- ance method ("cov"), Burg method ("burg"), modified Burg method ("mburg"), stuctured covariance ("strcov" and "strcov1"), and vector Burg ("vburg", fast approxi- mation to structured covariance. Of the two structured covariance methods, the first ("strcov" is considerably faster and better behaved; "strcov1" is older but included as it may prove useful on occasion. ** If "strcov" is used, the <STRONG>-c</STRONG> and <STRONG>-i</STRONG> options become relevant. The <STRONG>-m</STRONG> option overrides the value that may be in the parameter file. <STRONG>-c</STRONG> <EM>conv</EM>_<EM>test</EM>[1e-5] Specifies, for the STRCOV method only (not including STRCOV1), a convergence test value. The lower the value, the smaller the change required on each itera- tion before the estimator terminates, and the more iterations that normally will result. <STRONG>-i</STRONG> <EM>max</EM>_<EM>iter</EM>[20] Specifies, for the STRCOV method only (not including STRCOV1), the maximum number of iterations that the estimator will run through before terminating. A warn- ing will indicate if the estimator terminates because max_iter has been exceeded. <STRONG>-w</STRONG> <EM>window</EM>_<EM>len</EM> The duration of data in milliseconds over which the the power spectrum is computed for each column of the spec- trogram. The analysis bandwidth is inversely propor- tional to this value. <STRONG>-E</STRONG> <EM>pre</EM>_<EM>emphasis</EM> The coefficient <EM>A</EM> in the pre-emphasis filter: 1 - <EM>A</EM>/z. This filter is applied to the sampled data before com- puting the power spectrum. A value of <EM>A</EM> = 1 provides a 6 dB/octave boost to the high frequencies; a value of 0 provides no boost. <STRONG>-o</STRONG> <EM>analysis</EM>_<EM>order</EM> The number of parameters in the autoregressive model that is used to compute the power spectrum. <STRONG>-S</STRONG> <EM>step</EM>_<EM>size</EM> The time step in milliseconds between columns in the spectrogram. The time resolution and horizontal mag- nification are affected by this parameter. <STRONG>-d</STRONG> <EM>data</EM>_<EM>window</EM> The data window applied to the data before the computa- tion of the power spectrogram. Possible values include RECT (rectangular), HAMMING, and TRIANG (triangular). See <STRONG><A HREF="../man3.html/window.3.html">window (3 -ESPS)</A></STRONG> for a complete list of supported data windows. <STRONG>-D</STRONG> Include in the output records a field <EM>dith</EM>_<EM>spec</EM>_<EM>val</EM> containing 1s and 0s intended for display as a simu- lated gray-scale spectrogram on a black-and-white moni- tor. The <STRONG><A HREF="../man1.html/refcof.1.html">refcof (1-ESPS)</A></STRONG> output is piped through the <STRONG><A HREF="../man1.html/dither.1.html">dither(1-ESPS)</A></STRONG> program.</PRE><H2>ESPS PARAMETERS</H2><PRE> The parameter file is not required to be present, as there are default parameter values that apply. If the parameter file does exist, the following parameters are read: <EM>method</EM> - <EM>string</EM> The spectrogram method to use. This parameter is not read if the <STRONG>-m</STRONG> option is used. If the parameter is present and is read, it determines default values for all other parameters as discussed under the <STRONG>-m</STRONG> option. The other parameters (or command line options), if⌨️ 快捷键说明
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