qemu-doc.html

qemu虚拟机代码

               -net nic,vlan=1 -net tap,vlan=1,ifname=tap1
</PRE>

<DT><SAMP>`-net socket[,vlan=n][,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]'</SAMP>
<DD>
Connect the VLAN <VAR>n</VAR> to a remote VLAN in another QEMU virtual
machine using a TCP socket connection. If <SAMP>`listen'</SAMP> is
specified, QEMU waits for incoming connections on <VAR>port</VAR>
(<VAR>host</VAR> is optional). <SAMP>`connect'</SAMP> is used to connect to
another QEMU instance using the <SAMP>`listen'</SAMP> option. <SAMP>`fd=h'</SAMP>
specifies an already opened TCP socket.

Example:

<PRE>
# launch a first QEMU instance
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
               -net socket,listen=:1234
# connect the VLAN 0 of this instance to the VLAN 0
# of the first instance
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \
               -net socket,connect=127.0.0.1:1234
</PRE>

<DT><SAMP>`-net socket[,vlan=n][,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port]'</SAMP>
<DD>
Create a VLAN <VAR>n</VAR> shared with another QEMU virtual
machines using a UDP multicast socket, effectively making a bus for 
every QEMU with same multicast address <VAR>maddr</VAR> and <VAR>port</VAR>.
NOTES:

<OL>
<LI>

Several QEMU can be running on different hosts and share same bus (assuming 
correct multicast setup for these hosts).
<LI>

mcast support is compatible with User Mode Linux (argument <SAMP>`eth<VAR>N</VAR>=mcast'</SAMP>), see
<A HREF="http://user-mode-linux.sf.net">http://user-mode-linux.sf.net</A>.
<LI>Use <SAMP>`fd=h'</SAMP> to specify an already opened UDP multicast socket.

</OL>

Example:

<PRE>
# launch one QEMU instance
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
               -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
# launch another QEMU instance on same "bus"
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \
               -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
# launch yet another QEMU instance on same "bus"
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:58 \
               -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
</PRE>

Example (User Mode Linux compat.):

<PRE>
# launch QEMU instance (note mcast address selected
# is UML's default)
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
               -net socket,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102
# launch UML
/path/to/linux ubd0=/path/to/root_fs eth0=mcast
</PRE>

<DT><SAMP>`-net none'</SAMP>
<DD>
Indicate that no network devices should be configured. It is used to
override the default configuration (<SAMP>`-net nic -net user'</SAMP>) which
is activated if no <SAMP>`-net'</SAMP> options are provided.

<DT><SAMP>`-tftp prefix'</SAMP>
<DD>
When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in TFTP
server. All filenames beginning with <VAR>prefix</VAR> can be downloaded
from the host to the guest using a TFTP client. The TFTP client on the
guest must be configured in binary mode (use the command <CODE>bin</CODE> of
the Unix TFTP client). The host IP address on the guest is as usual
10.0.2.2.

<DT><SAMP>`-smb dir'</SAMP>
<DD>
When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in SMB
server so that Windows OSes can access to the host files in <TT>`dir'</TT>
transparently.

In the guest Windows OS, the line:

<PRE>
10.0.2.4 smbserver
</PRE>

must be added in the file <TT>`C:\WINDOWS\LMHOSTS'</TT> (for windows 9x/Me)
or <TT>`C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC\LMHOSTS'</TT> (Windows NT/2000).

Then <TT>`dir'</TT> can be accessed in <TT>`\\smbserver\qemu'</TT>.

Note that a SAMBA server must be installed on the host OS in
<TT>`/usr/sbin/smbd'</TT>. QEMU was tested succesfully with smbd version
2.2.7a from the Red Hat 9 and version 3.0.10-1.fc3 from Fedora Core 3.

<DT><SAMP>`-redir [tcp|udp]:host-port:[guest-host]:guest-port'</SAMP>
<DD>
When using the user mode network stack, redirect incoming TCP or UDP
connections to the host port <VAR>host-port</VAR> to the guest
<VAR>guest-host</VAR> on guest port <VAR>guest-port</VAR>. If <VAR>guest-host</VAR>
is not specified, its value is 10.0.2.15 (default address given by the
built-in DHCP server).

For example, to redirect host X11 connection from screen 1 to guest
screen 0, use the following:


<PRE>
# on the host
qemu -redir tcp:6001::6000 [...]
# this host xterm should open in the guest X11 server
xterm -display :1
</PRE>

To redirect telnet connections from host port 5555 to telnet port on
the guest, use the following:


<PRE>
# on the host
qemu -redir tcp:5555::23 [...]
telnet localhost 5555
</PRE>

Then when you use on the host <CODE>telnet localhost 5555</CODE>, you
connect to the guest telnet server.

</DL>

<P>
Linux boot specific: When using these options, you can use a given
Linux kernel without installing it in the disk image. It can be useful
for easier testing of various kernels.


<DL COMPACT>

<DT><SAMP>`-kernel bzImage'</SAMP>
<DD>
Use <VAR>bzImage</VAR> as kernel image.

<DT><SAMP>`-append cmdline'</SAMP>
<DD>
Use <VAR>cmdline</VAR> as kernel command line

<DT><SAMP>`-initrd file'</SAMP>
<DD>
Use <VAR>file</VAR> as initial ram disk.

</DL>

<P>
Debug/Expert options:
<DL COMPACT>

<DT><SAMP>`-serial dev'</SAMP>
<DD>
Redirect the virtual serial port to host device <VAR>dev</VAR>. Available
devices are:
<DL COMPACT>

<DT><CODE>vc</CODE>
<DD>
Virtual console
<DT><CODE>pty</CODE>
<DD>
[Linux only] Pseudo TTY (a new PTY is automatically allocated)
<DT><CODE>null</CODE>
<DD>
void device
<DT><CODE>/dev/XXX</CODE>
<DD>
[Linux only] Use host tty, e.g. <TT>`/dev/ttyS0'</TT>. The host serial port
parameters are set according to the emulated ones.
<DT><CODE>/dev/parportN</CODE>
<DD>
[Linux only, parallel port only] Use host parallel port
<VAR>N</VAR>. Currently only SPP parallel port features can be used.
<DT><CODE>file:filename</CODE>
<DD>
Write output to filename. No character can be read.
<DT><CODE>stdio</CODE>
<DD>
[Unix only] standard input/output
<DT><CODE>pipe:filename</CODE>
<DD>
[Unix only] name pipe <VAR>filename</VAR>
</DL>
The default device is <CODE>vc</CODE> in graphical mode and <CODE>stdio</CODE> in
non graphical mode.

This option can be used several times to simulate up to 4 serials
ports.

<DT><SAMP>`-parallel dev'</SAMP>
<DD>
Redirect the virtual parallel port to host device <VAR>dev</VAR> (same
devices as the serial port). On Linux hosts, <TT>`/dev/parportN'</TT> can
be used to use hardware devices connected on the corresponding host
parallel port.

This option can be used several times to simulate up to 3 parallel
ports.

<DT><SAMP>`-monitor dev'</SAMP>
<DD>
Redirect the monitor to host device <VAR>dev</VAR> (same devices as the
serial port).
The default device is <CODE>vc</CODE> in graphical mode and <CODE>stdio</CODE> in
non graphical mode.

<DT><SAMP>`-s'</SAMP>
<DD>
Wait gdb connection to port 1234 (see section <A HREF="qemu-doc.html#SEC29">3.10 GDB usage</A>). 
<DT><SAMP>`-p port'</SAMP>
<DD>
Change gdb connection port.
<DT><SAMP>`-S'</SAMP>
<DD>
Do not start CPU at startup (you must type 'c' in the monitor).
<DT><SAMP>`-d'</SAMP>
<DD>
Output log in /tmp/qemu.log
<DT><SAMP>`-hdachs c,h,s,[,t]'</SAMP>
<DD>
Force hard disk 0 physical geometry (1 &#60;= <VAR>c</VAR> &#60;= 16383, 1 &#60;=
<VAR>h</VAR> &#60;= 16, 1 &#60;= <VAR>s</VAR> &#60;= 63) and optionally force the BIOS
translation mode (<VAR>t</VAR>=none, lba or auto). Usually QEMU can guess
all thoses parameters. This option is useful for old MS-DOS disk
images.

<DT><SAMP>`-std-vga'</SAMP>
<DD>
Simulate a standard VGA card with Bochs VBE extensions (default is
Cirrus Logic GD5446 PCI VGA)
<DT><SAMP>`-loadvm file'</SAMP>
<DD>
Start right away with a saved state (<CODE>loadvm</CODE> in monitor)
</DL>



<H2><A NAME="SEC11" HREF="qemu-doc.html#TOC11">3.4 Keys</A></H2>

<P>
During the graphical emulation, you can use the following keys:
<DL COMPACT>

<DT><KBD>Ctrl-Alt-f</KBD>
<DD>
Toggle full screen

<DT><KBD>Ctrl-Alt-n</KBD>
<DD>
Switch to virtual console 'n'. Standard console mappings are:
<DL COMPACT>

<DT><EM>1</EM>
<DD>
Target system display
<DT><EM>2</EM>
<DD>
Monitor
<DT><EM>3</EM>
<DD>
Serial port
</DL>

<DT><KBD>Ctrl-Alt</KBD>
<DD>
Toggle mouse and keyboard grab.
</DL>

<P>
In the virtual consoles, you can use <KBD>Ctrl-Up</KBD>, <KBD>Ctrl-Down</KBD>,
<KBD>Ctrl-PageUp</KBD> and <KBD>Ctrl-PageDown</KBD> to move in the back log.


<P>
During emulation, if you are using the <SAMP>`-nographic'</SAMP> option, use
<KBD>Ctrl-a h</KBD> to get terminal commands:


<DL COMPACT>

<DT><KBD>Ctrl-a h</KBD>
<DD>
Print this help
<DT><KBD>Ctrl-a x</KBD>
<DD>
Exit emulatior
<DT><KBD>Ctrl-a s</KBD>
<DD>
Save disk data back to file (if -snapshot)
<DT><KBD>Ctrl-a b</KBD>
<DD>
Send break (magic sysrq in Linux)
<DT><KBD>Ctrl-a c</KBD>
<DD>
Switch between console and monitor
<DT><KBD>Ctrl-a Ctrl-a</KBD>
<DD>
Send Ctrl-a
</DL>



<H2><A NAME="SEC12" HREF="qemu-doc.html#TOC12">3.5 QEMU Monitor</A></H2>

<P>
The QEMU monitor is used to give complex commands to the QEMU
emulator. You can use it to:



<UL>

<LI>

Remove or insert removable medias images
(such as CD-ROM or floppies)

<LI>

Freeze/unfreeze the Virtual Machine (VM) and save or restore its state
from a disk file.

<LI>Inspect the VM state without an external debugger.

</UL>



<H3><A NAME="SEC13" HREF="qemu-doc.html#TOC13">3.5.1 Commands</A></H3>

<P>
The following commands are available:


<DL COMPACT>

<DT><SAMP>`help or ? [cmd]'</SAMP>
<DD>
Show the help for all commands or just for command <VAR>cmd</VAR>.

<DT><SAMP>`commit'</SAMP>
<DD>
Commit changes to the disk images (if -snapshot is used)

<DT><SAMP>`info subcommand'</SAMP>
<DD>
show various information about the system state

<DL COMPACT>

<DT><SAMP>`info network'</SAMP>
<DD>
show the various VLANs and the associated devices
<DT><SAMP>`info block'</SAMP>
<DD>
show the block devices
<DT><SAMP>`info registers'</SAMP>
<DD>
show the cpu registers
<DT><SAMP>`info history'</SAMP>
<DD>
show the command line history
<DT><SAMP>`info pci'</SAMP>
<DD>
show emulated PCI device
<DT><SAMP>`info usb'</SAMP>
<DD>
show USB devices plugged on the virtual USB hub
<DT><SAMP>`info usbhost'</SAMP>
<DD>
show all USB host devices
</DL>

<DT><SAMP>`q or quit'</SAMP>
<DD>
Quit the emulator.

<DT><SAMP>`eject [-f] device'</SAMP>
<DD>
Eject a removable media (use -f to force it).

<DT><SAMP>`change device filename'</SAMP>
<DD>
Change a removable media.

<DT><SAMP>`screendump filename'</SAMP>
<DD>
Save screen into PPM image <VAR>filename</VAR>.

<DT><SAMP>`log item1[,...]'</SAMP>
<DD>
Activate logging of the specified items to <TT>`/tmp/qemu.log'</TT>.

<DT><SAMP>`savevm filename'</SAMP>
<DD>
Save the whole virtual machine state to <VAR>filename</VAR>.

<DT><SAMP>`loadvm filename'</SAMP>
<DD>
Restore the whole virtual machine state from <VAR>filename</VAR>.

<DT><SAMP>`stop'</SAMP>
<DD>
Stop emulation.

<DT><SAMP>`c or cont'</SAMP>
<DD>
Resume emulation.

<DT><SAMP>`gdbserver [port]'</SAMP>
<DD>
Start gdbserver session (default port=1234)

<DT><SAMP>`x/fmt addr'</SAMP>
<DD>
Virtual memory dump starting at <VAR>addr</VAR>.

<DT><SAMP>`xp /fmt addr'</SAMP>
<DD>
Physical memory dump starting at <VAR>addr</VAR>.

<VAR>fmt</VAR> is a format which tells the command how to format the
data. Its syntax is: <SAMP>`/{count}{format}{size}'</SAMP>

<DL COMPACT>

<DT><VAR>count</VAR>
<DD>
is the number of items to be dumped.

<DT><VAR>format</VAR>
<DD>
can be x (hexa), d (signed decimal), u (unsigned decimal), o (octal),
c (char) or i (asm instruction).

<DT><VAR>size</VAR>
<DD>
can be b (8 bits), h (16 bits), w (32 bits) or g (64 bits). On x86,
<CODE>h</CODE> or <CODE>w</CODE> can be specified with the <CODE>i</CODE> format to
respectively select 16 or 32 bit code instruction size.

</DL>

Examples: 

<UL>
<LI>

Dump 10 instructions at the current instruction pointer:

<PRE>
(qemu) x/10i $eip
0x90107063:  ret
0x90107064:  sti
0x90107065:  lea    0x0(%esi,1),%esi
0x90107069:  lea    0x0(%edi,1),%edi
0x90107070:  ret
0x90107071:  jmp    0x90107080
0x90107073:  nop
0x90107074:  nop
0x90107075:  nop
0x90107076:  nop
</PRE>

<LI>