qemu.1

qemu虚拟机代码

Connect the host \s-1TAP\s0 network interface \fIname\fR to \s-1VLAN\s0 \fIn\fR and
use the network script \fIfile\fR to configure it. The default
network script is \fI/etc/qemu\-ifup\fR. If \fIname\fR is not
provided, the \s-1OS\s0 automatically provides one.  \fBfd=h\fR can be
used to specify the handle of an already opened host \s-1TAP\s0 interface. Example:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&        qemu linux.img -net nic -net tap
.Ve
.Sp
More complicated example (two NICs, each one connected to a \s-1TAP\s0 device)
.Sp
.Vb 2
\&        qemu linux.img -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0 \e
\&                       -net nic,vlan=1 -net tap,vlan=1,ifname=tap1
.Ve
.IP "\fB\-net socket[,vlan=n][,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]\fR" 4
.IX Item "-net socket[,vlan=n][,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]"
Connect the \s-1VLAN\s0 \fIn\fR to a remote \s-1VLAN\s0 in another \s-1QEMU\s0 virtual
machine using a \s-1TCP\s0 socket connection. If \fBlisten\fR is
specified, \s-1QEMU\s0 waits for incoming connections on \fIport\fR
(\fIhost\fR is optional). \fBconnect\fR is used to connect to
another \s-1QEMU\s0 instance using the \fBlisten\fR option. \fBfd=h\fR
specifies an already opened \s-1TCP\s0 socket.
.Sp
Example:
.Sp
.Vb 7
\&        # launch a first QEMU instance
\&        qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \e
\&                       -net socket,listen=:1234
\&        # connect the VLAN 0 of this instance to the VLAN 0
\&        # of the first instance
\&        qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \e
\&                       -net socket,connect=127.0.0.1:1234
.Ve
.IP "\fB\-net socket[,vlan=n][,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port]\fR" 4
.IX Item "-net socket[,vlan=n][,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port]"
Create a \s-1VLAN\s0 \fIn\fR shared with another \s-1QEMU\s0 virtual
machines using a \s-1UDP\s0 multicast socket, effectively making a bus for 
every \s-1QEMU\s0 with same multicast address \fImaddr\fR and \fIport\fR.
\&\s-1NOTES:\s0
.RS 4
.IP "1." 4
Several \s-1QEMU\s0 can be running on different hosts and share same bus (assuming 
correct multicast setup for these hosts).
.IP "2." 4
mcast support is compatible with User Mode Linux (argument \fBeth\fR\fIN\fR\fB=mcast\fR), see
<\fBhttp://user\-mode\-linux.sf.net\fR>.
.IP "3.<Use \fBfd=h\fR to specify an already opened \s-1UDP\s0 multicast socket.>" 4
.IX Item "3.<Use fd=h to specify an already opened UDP multicast socket.>"
.RE
.RS 4
.Sp
Example:
.Sp
.Vb 9
\&        # launch one QEMU instance
\&        qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \e
\&                       -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
\&        # launch another QEMU instance on same "bus"
\&        qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \e
\&                       -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
\&        # launch yet another QEMU instance on same "bus"
\&        qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:58 \e
\&                       -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
.Ve
.Sp
Example (User Mode Linux compat.):
.Sp
.Vb 6
\&        # launch QEMU instance (note mcast address selected
\&        # is UML's default)
\&        qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \e
\&                       -net socket,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102
\&        # launch UML
\&        /path/to/linux ubd0=/path/to/root_fs eth0=mcast
.Ve
.RE
.IP "\fB\-net none\fR" 4
.IX Item "-net none"
Indicate that no network devices should be configured. It is used to
override the default configuration (\fB\-net nic \-net user\fR) which
is activated if no \fB\-net\fR options are provided.
.IP "\fB\-tftp prefix\fR" 4
.IX Item "-tftp prefix"
When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in \s-1TFTP\s0
server. All filenames beginning with \fIprefix\fR can be downloaded
from the host to the guest using a \s-1TFTP\s0 client. The \s-1TFTP\s0 client on the
guest must be configured in binary mode (use the command \f(CW\*(C`bin\*(C'\fR of
the Unix \s-1TFTP\s0 client). The host \s-1IP\s0 address on the guest is as usual
10.0.2.2.
.IP "\fB\-smb dir\fR" 4
.IX Item "-smb dir"
When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in \s-1SMB\s0
server so that Windows OSes can access to the host files in \fIdir\fR
transparently.
.Sp
In the guest Windows \s-1OS\s0, the line:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&        10.0.2.4 smbserver
.Ve
.Sp
must be added in the file \fIC:\eWINDOWS\eLMHOSTS\fR (for windows 9x/Me)
or \fIC:\eWINNT\eSYSTEM32\eDRIVERS\eETC\eLMHOSTS\fR (Windows \s-1NT/2000\s0).
.Sp
Then \fIdir\fR can be accessed in \fI\e\esmbserver\eqemu\fR.
.Sp
Note that a \s-1SAMBA\s0 server must be installed on the host \s-1OS\s0 in
\&\fI/usr/sbin/smbd\fR. \s-1QEMU\s0 was tested succesfully with smbd version
2.2.7a from the Red Hat 9 and version 3.0.10\-1.fc3 from Fedora Core 3.
.IP "\fB\-redir [tcp|udp]:host\-port:[guest\-host]:guest\-port\fR" 4
.IX Item "-redir [tcp|udp]:host-port:[guest-host]:guest-port"
When using the user mode network stack, redirect incoming \s-1TCP\s0 or \s-1UDP\s0
connections to the host port \fIhost-port\fR to the guest
\&\fIguest-host\fR on guest port \fIguest-port\fR. If \fIguest-host\fR
is not specified, its value is 10.0.2.15 (default address given by the
built-in \s-1DHCP\s0 server).
.Sp
For example, to redirect host X11 connection from screen 1 to guest
screen 0, use the following:
.Sp
.Vb 4
\&        # on the host
\&        qemu -redir tcp:6001::6000 [...]
\&        # this host xterm should open in the guest X11 server
\&        xterm -display :1
.Ve
.Sp
To redirect telnet connections from host port 5555 to telnet port on
the guest, use the following:
.Sp
.Vb 3
\&        # on the host
\&        qemu -redir tcp:5555::23 [...]
\&        telnet localhost 5555
.Ve
.Sp
Then when you use on the host \f(CW\*(C`telnet localhost 5555\*(C'\fR, you
connect to the guest telnet server.
.PP
Linux boot specific: When using these options, you can use a given
Linux kernel without installing it in the disk image. It can be useful
for easier testing of various kernels.
.IP "\fB\-kernel bzImage\fR" 4
.IX Item "-kernel bzImage"
Use \fIbzImage\fR as kernel image.
.IP "\fB\-append cmdline\fR" 4
.IX Item "-append cmdline"
Use \fIcmdline\fR as kernel command line
.IP "\fB\-initrd file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-initrd file"
Use \fIfile\fR as initial ram disk.
.PP
Debug/Expert options:
.IP "\fB\-serial dev\fR" 4
.IX Item "-serial dev"
Redirect the virtual serial port to host device \fIdev\fR. Available
devices are:
.RS 4
.ie n .IP """vc""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWvc\fR" 4
.IX Item "vc"
Virtual console
.ie n .IP """pty""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWpty\fR" 4
.IX Item "pty"
[Linux only] Pseudo \s-1TTY\s0 (a new \s-1PTY\s0 is automatically allocated)
.ie n .IP """null""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWnull\fR" 4
.IX Item "null"
void device
.ie n .IP """/dev/XXX""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW/dev/XXX\fR" 4
.IX Item "/dev/XXX"
[Linux only] Use host tty, e.g. \fI/dev/ttyS0\fR. The host serial port
parameters are set according to the emulated ones.
.ie n .IP """/dev/parportN""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW/dev/parportN\fR" 4
.IX Item "/dev/parportN"
[Linux only, parallel port only] Use host parallel port
\&\fIN\fR. Currently only \s-1SPP\s0 parallel port features can be used.
.ie n .IP """file:filename""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWfile:filename\fR" 4
.IX Item "file:filename"
Write output to filename. No character can be read.
.ie n .IP """stdio""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWstdio\fR" 4
.IX Item "stdio"
[Unix only] standard input/output
.ie n .IP """pipe:filename""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWpipe:filename\fR" 4
.IX Item "pipe:filename"
[Unix only] name pipe \fIfilename\fR
.RE
.RS 4
.Sp
The default device is \f(CW\*(C`vc\*(C'\fR in graphical mode and \f(CW\*(C`stdio\*(C'\fR in
non graphical mode.
.Sp
This option can be used several times to simulate up to 4 serials
ports.
.RE
.IP "\fB\-parallel dev\fR" 4
.IX Item "-parallel dev"
Redirect the virtual parallel port to host device \fIdev\fR (same
devices as the serial port). On Linux hosts, \fI/dev/parportN\fR can
be used to use hardware devices connected on the corresponding host
parallel port.
.Sp
This option can be used several times to simulate up to 3 parallel
ports.
.IP "\fB\-monitor dev\fR" 4
.IX Item "-monitor dev"
Redirect the monitor to host device \fIdev\fR (same devices as the
serial port).
The default device is \f(CW\*(C`vc\*(C'\fR in graphical mode and \f(CW\*(C`stdio\*(C'\fR in
non graphical mode.
.IP "\fB\-s\fR" 4
.IX Item "-s"
Wait gdb connection to port 1234. 
.IP "\fB\-p port\fR" 4
.IX Item "-p port"
Change gdb connection port.
.IP "\fB\-S\fR" 4
.IX Item "-S"
Do not start \s-1CPU\s0 at startup (you must type 'c' in the monitor).
.IP "\fB\-d\fR" 4
.IX Item "-d"
Output log in /tmp/qemu.log
.IP "\fB\-hdachs c,h,s,[,t]\fR" 4
.IX Item "-hdachs c,h,s,[,t]"
Force hard disk 0 physical geometry (1 <= \fIc\fR <= 16383, 1 <=
\&\fIh\fR <= 16, 1 <= \fIs\fR <= 63) and optionally force the \s-1BIOS\s0
translation mode (\fIt\fR=none, lba or auto). Usually \s-1QEMU\s0 can guess
all thoses parameters. This option is useful for old MS-DOS disk
images.
.IP "\fB\-std\-vga\fR" 4
.IX Item "-std-vga"
Simulate a standard \s-1VGA\s0 card with Bochs \s-1VBE\s0 extensions (default is
Cirrus Logic \s-1GD5446\s0 \s-1PCI\s0 \s-1VGA\s0)
.IP "\fB\-loadvm file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-loadvm file"
Start right away with a saved state (\f(CW\*(C`loadvm\*(C'\fR in monitor)
.PP
During the graphical emulation, you can use the following keys:
.IP "\fBCtrl-Alt-f\fR" 4
.IX Item "Ctrl-Alt-f"
Toggle full screen
.IP "\fBCtrl-Alt-n\fR" 4
.IX Item "Ctrl-Alt-n"
Switch to virtual console 'n'. Standard console mappings are:
.RS 4
.IP "\fI1\fR" 4
.IX Item "1"
Target system display
.IP "\fI2\fR" 4
.IX Item "2"
Monitor
.IP "\fI3\fR" 4
.IX Item "3"
Serial port
.RE
.RS 4
.RE
.IP "\fBCtrl-Alt\fR" 4
.IX Item "Ctrl-Alt"
Toggle mouse and keyboard grab.
.PP
In the virtual consoles, you can use \fBCtrl-Up\fR, \fBCtrl-Down\fR,
\&\fBCtrl-PageUp\fR and \fBCtrl-PageDown\fR to move in the back log.
.PP
During emulation, if you are using the \fB\-nographic\fR option, use
\&\fBCtrl-a h\fR to get terminal commands:
.IP "\fBCtrl-a h\fR" 4
.IX Item "Ctrl-a h"
Print this help
.IP "\fBCtrl-a x\fR" 4
.IX Item "Ctrl-a x"
Exit emulatior
.IP "\fBCtrl-a s\fR" 4
.IX Item "Ctrl-a s"
Save disk data back to file (if \-snapshot)
.IP "\fBCtrl-a b\fR" 4
.IX Item "Ctrl-a b"
Send break (magic sysrq in Linux)
.IP "\fBCtrl-a c\fR" 4
.IX Item "Ctrl-a c"
Switch between console and monitor
.IP "\fBCtrl-a Ctrl-a\fR" 4
.IX Item "Ctrl-a Ctrl-a"
Send Ctrl-a
.PP
The following options are specific to the PowerPC emulation:
.IP "\fB\-g WxH[xDEPTH]\fR" 4
.IX Item "-g WxH[xDEPTH]"
Set the initial \s-1VGA\s0 graphic mode. The default is 800x600x15.
.PP
The following options are specific to the Sparc emulation:
.IP "\fB\-g WxH\fR" 4
.IX Item "-g WxH"
Set the initial \s-1TCX\s0 graphic mode. The default is 1024x768.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
The \s-1HTML\s0 documentation of \s-1QEMU\s0 for more precise information and Linux
user mode emulator invocation.
.SH "AUTHOR"
.IX Header "AUTHOR"
Fabrice Bellard