qemu.1

qemu虚拟机代码

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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "QEMU 1"
.TH QEMU 1 "2006-05-03" " " " "
.SH "NAME"
qemu\-doc \- QEMU CPU Emulator User Documentation
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
usage: qemu [options] [disk_image]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
The \s-1QEMU\s0 \s-1PC\s0 System emulator simulates the
following peripherals:
.IP "\-" 4
i440FX host \s-1PCI\s0 bridge and \s-1PIIX3\s0 \s-1PCI\s0 to \s-1ISA\s0 bridge
.IP "\-" 4
Cirrus \s-1CLGD\s0 5446 \s-1PCI\s0 \s-1VGA\s0 card or dummy \s-1VGA\s0 card with Bochs \s-1VESA\s0
extensions (hardware level, including all non standard modes).
.IP "\-" 4
\&\s-1PS/2\s0 mouse and keyboard
.IP "\-" 4
2 \s-1PCI\s0 \s-1IDE\s0 interfaces with hard disk and CD-ROM support
.IP "\-" 4
Floppy disk
.IP "\-" 4
\&\s-1NE2000\s0 \s-1PCI\s0 network adapters
.IP "\-" 4
Serial ports
.IP "\-" 4
Creative SoundBlaster 16 sound card
.IP "\-" 4
\&\s-1ENSONIQ\s0 AudioPCI \s-1ES1370\s0 sound card
.IP "\-" 4
Adlib(\s-1OPL2\s0) \- Yamaha \s-1YM3812\s0 compatible chip
.IP "\-" 4
\&\s-1PCI\s0 \s-1UHCI\s0 \s-1USB\s0 controller and a virtual \s-1USB\s0 hub.
.PP
\&\s-1SMP\s0 is supported with up to 255 CPUs.
.PP
Note that adlib is only available when \s-1QEMU\s0 was configured with
\&\-enable\-adlib
.PP
\&\s-1QEMU\s0 uses the \s-1PC\s0 \s-1BIOS\s0 from the Bochs project and the Plex86/Bochs \s-1LGPL\s0
\&\s-1VGA\s0 \s-1BIOS\s0.
.PP
\&\s-1QEMU\s0 uses \s-1YM3812\s0 emulation by Tatsuyuki Satoh.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
\&\fIdisk_image\fR is a raw hard disk image for \s-1IDE\s0 hard disk 0.
.PP
General options:
.IP "\fB\-M machine\fR" 4
.IX Item "-M machine"
Select the emulated machine (\f(CW\*(C`\-M ?\*(C'\fR for list)
.IP "\fB\-fda file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-fda file"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-fdb file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-fdb file"
.PD
Use \fIfile\fR as floppy disk 0/1 image. You can
use the host floppy by using \fI/dev/fd0\fR as filename.
.IP "\fB\-hda file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-hda file"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-hdb file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-hdb file"
.IP "\fB\-hdc file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-hdc file"
.IP "\fB\-hdd file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-hdd file"
.PD
Use \fIfile\fR as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image.
.IP "\fB\-cdrom file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-cdrom file"
Use \fIfile\fR as CD-ROM image (you cannot use \fB\-hdc\fR and and
\&\fB\-cdrom\fR at the same time). You can use the host CD-ROM by
using \fI/dev/cdrom\fR as filename.
.IP "\fB\-boot [a|c|d]\fR" 4
.IX Item "-boot [a|c|d]"
Boot on floppy (a), hard disk (c) or CD-ROM (d). Hard disk boot is
the default.
.IP "\fB\-snapshot\fR" 4
.IX Item "-snapshot"
Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case,
the raw disk image you use is not written back. You can however force
the write back by pressing \fBC\-a s\fR. 
.IP "\fB\-m megs\fR" 4
.IX Item "-m megs"
Set virtual \s-1RAM\s0 size to \fImegs\fR megabytes. Default is 128 \s-1MB\s0.
.IP "\fB\-smp n\fR" 4
.IX Item "-smp n"
Simulate an \s-1SMP\s0 system with \fIn\fR CPUs. On the \s-1PC\s0 target, up to 255
CPUs are supported.
.IP "\fB\-nographic\fR" 4
.IX Item "-nographic"
Normally, \s-1QEMU\s0 uses \s-1SDL\s0 to display the \s-1VGA\s0 output. With this option,
you can totally disable graphical output so that \s-1QEMU\s0 is a simple
command line application. The emulated serial port is redirected on
the console. Therefore, you can still use \s-1QEMU\s0 to debug a Linux kernel
with a serial console.
.IP "\fB\-vnc d\fR" 4
.IX Item "-vnc d"
Normally, \s-1QEMU\s0 uses \s-1SDL\s0 to display the \s-1VGA\s0 output.  With this option,
you can have \s-1QEMU\s0 listen on \s-1VNC\s0 display d and redirect the \s-1VGA\s0 display
over the \s-1VNC\s0 session.  It is very useful to enable the usb tablet device
when using this option (option \fB\-usbdevice tablet\fR).
.IP "\fB\-k language\fR" 4
.IX Item "-k language"
Use keyboard layout \fIlanguage\fR (for example \f(CW\*(C`fr\*(C'\fR for
French). This option is only needed where it is not easy to get raw \s-1PC\s0
keycodes (e.g. on Macs or with some X11 servers). You don't need to
use it on PC/Linux or PC/Windows hosts.
.Sp
The available layouts are:
.Sp
.Vb 3
\&        ar  de-ch  es  fo     fr-ca  hu  ja  mk     no  pt-br  sv
\&        da  en-gb  et  fr     fr-ch  is  lt  nl     pl  ru     th
\&        de  en-us  fi  fr-be  hr     it  lv  nl-be  pt  sl     tr
.Ve
.Sp
The default is \f(CW\*(C`en\-us\*(C'\fR.
.IP "\fB\-audio\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "-audio-help"
Will show the audio subsystem help: list of drivers, tunable
parameters.
.IP "\fB\-soundhw card1,card2,... or \-soundhw all\fR" 4
.IX Item "-soundhw card1,card2,... or -soundhw all"
Enable audio and selected sound hardware. Use ? to print all
available sound hardware.
.Sp
.Vb 4
\&        qemu -soundhw sb16,adlib hda
\&        qemu -soundhw es1370 hda
\&        qemu -soundhw all hda
\&        qemu -soundhw ?
.Ve
.IP "\fB\-localtime\fR" 4
.IX Item "-localtime"
Set the real time clock to local time (the default is to \s-1UTC\s0
time). This option is needed to have correct date in MS-DOS or
Windows.
.IP "\fB\-full\-screen\fR" 4
.IX Item "-full-screen"
Start in full screen.
.IP "\fB\-pidfile file\fR" 4
.IX Item "-pidfile file"
Store the \s-1QEMU\s0 process \s-1PID\s0 in \fIfile\fR. It is useful if you launch \s-1QEMU\s0
from a script.
.IP "\fB\-win2k\-hack\fR" 4
.IX Item "-win2k-hack"
Use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug. After
Windows 2000 is installed, you no longer need this option (this option
slows down the \s-1IDE\s0 transfers).
.PP
\&\s-1USB\s0 options:
.IP "\fB\-usb\fR" 4
.IX Item "-usb"
Enable the \s-1USB\s0 driver (will be the default soon)
.IP "\fB\-usbdevice devname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-usbdevice devname"
Add the \s-1USB\s0 device \fIdevname\fR. See the monitor command
\&\f(CW\*(C`usb_add\*(C'\fR to have more information.
.PP
Network options:
.IP "\fB\-net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=addr][,model=type]\fR" 4
.IX Item "-net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=addr][,model=type]"
Create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to \s-1VLAN\s0 \fIn\fR (\fIn\fR
= 0 is the default). The \s-1NIC\s0 is currently an \s-1NE2000\s0 on the \s-1PC\s0
target. Optionally, the \s-1MAC\s0 address can be changed. If no
\&\fB\-net\fR option is specified, a single \s-1NIC\s0 is created.
Qemu can emulate several different models of network card.  Valid values for
\&\fItype\fR are \f(CW\*(C`ne2k_pci\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`ne2k_isa\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`rtl8139\*(C'\fR,
\&\f(CW\*(C`smc91c111\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`lance\*(C'\fR.  Not all devices are supported on all
targets.
.IP "\fB\-net user[,vlan=n][,hostname=name]\fR" 4
.IX Item "-net user[,vlan=n][,hostname=name]"
Use the user mode network stack which requires no administrator
priviledge to run.  \fBhostname=name\fR can be used to specify the client
hostname reported by the builtin \s-1DHCP\s0 server.
.IP "\fB\-net tap[,vlan=n][,fd=h][,ifname=name][,script=file]\fR" 4
.IX Item "-net tap[,vlan=n][,fd=h][,ifname=name][,script=file]"