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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN"><HTML><HEAD><!-- This document was created from RTF source by rtftohtml version 3.0.1 --> <META NAME="GENERATOR" Content="Symantec Visual Page 1.0"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html;CHARSET=iso-8859-1"> <TITLE>Teach Yourself C++ in 21 Days</TITLE></HEAD><BODY TEXT="#000000" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"><H1></H1><H2 ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="ch21rv3.htm" tppabs="http://www.mcp.com/814147200/0-672/0-672-31070-8/htm/ch21rv3.htm"><IMG SRC="BLANPREV.GIF" tppabs="http://www.mcp.com/814147200/0-672/0-672-31070-8/buttons/BLANPREV.GIF"WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="37" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"></A><A HREF="tppmsgs/msgs0.htm#1" tppabs="http://www.mcp.com/sams"><IMGSRC="BLANHOME.GIF" tppabs="http://www.mcp.com/814147200/0-672/0-672-31070-8/buttons/BLANHOME.GIF" WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="37" ALIGN="BOTTOM"BORDER="0"></A><A HREF="index.htm" tppabs="http://www.mcp.com/814147200/0-672/0-672-31070-8/index.htm"><IMG SRC="BLANTOC.GIF" tppabs="http://www.mcp.com/814147200/0-672/0-672-31070-8/buttons/BLANTOC.GIF"WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="37" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"></A><A HREF="apb.htm" tppabs="http://www.mcp.com/814147200/0-672/0-672-31070-8/htm/apb.htm"><IMG SRC="BLANNEXT.GIF" tppabs="http://www.mcp.com/814147200/0-672/0-672-31070-8/buttons/BLANNEXT.GIF"WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="37" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"></A><BR><BR><BR><A NAME="Heading1"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Appendix A <BR><BR>Operator Precedence</FONT></H2><P><H2 ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT COLOR="#000077"></FONT></H2><P>It is important to understand that operators have a precedence, but it is notessential to memorize the precedence.</P><DL> <DD><HR><FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>New Term:</B></FONT><I><B> </B>Precedence</I> is the order in which a program performs the operations in a formula. If one operator has precedence over another operator, it is evaluated first. <HR></DL><P>Higher precedence operators "bind tighter" than lower precedence operators;thus, higher precedence operators are evaluated first. The lower the rank in thefollowing chart, the higher the precedence. <BR><BR><FONT SIZE="4"><B>Table A.1. Operator Precedence</B></FONT>. <TABLE BORDER="0"> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><B><I>Rank</I></B></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><B><I>Name</I></B></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><B><I>Operator</I></B></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">1</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">scope resolution</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>::</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">2</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">member selection, subscripting,</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>. -></TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">function calls, postfix increment</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>()</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">and decrement</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>++</TT> <TT>--</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">3</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>sizeof</TT>, prefix increment and decrement,</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>++</TT> <TT>--</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">complement, and, not, unary minus and plus,</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>^ !</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">address of and dereference, new, new[], delete,</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>-</TT> <TT>+</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">delete[], casting, <TT>sizeof(),</TT></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>&</TT> <TT>*</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>()</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">4</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">member selection for pointer</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>.*</TT> <TT>->*</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">5</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">multiply, divide, modulo</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>*</TT> <TT>/</TT> <TT>%</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">6</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">add, subtract</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>+</TT> <TT>-</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">7</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">shift</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT><<</TT> <TT>>></TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">8</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">inequality relational</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>< <= > >=</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">9</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">equality, inequality</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>== !=</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">10</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">bitwise <TT>AND</TT></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>&</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">11</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">bitwise exclusive <TT>OR</TT></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>^</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">12</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">bitwise <TT>OR</TT></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>|</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">13</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">logical <TT>AND</TT></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>&&</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">14</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">logical <TT>OR</TT></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>||</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">15</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">conditional</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>?:</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">16</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">assignment operators</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>= *= /= %=</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>+= -= <<= >>=</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>&= |= ^=</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">17</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">throw operator</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>throw</TT></TD> </TR> <TR ALIGN="LEFT" rowspan="1"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">18</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT">comma</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"><TT>,</TT></TD> </TR></TABLE></P><CENTER><P><A HREF="ch21rv3.htm" 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