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><DIV
CLASS="BOOK"
><A
NAME="ECOS-REF"><DIV
CLASS="TITLEPAGE"
><H1
CLASS="TITLE"
><A
NAME="AEN2">eCos Reference Manual</H1
><P
CLASS="COPYRIGHT"
>Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 by Red Hat, Inc., Nick Garnett (eCosCentric), Jonathan Larmour (eCosCentric), Andrew Lunn (Ascom), Gary Thomas (MLB Associates), Bart Veer (eCosCentric)</P
><DIV
CLASS="LEGALNOTICE"
><A
NAME="AEN17"><P
><B
>Documentation licensing terms</B
></P
><P
>This material may be distributed only subject to the terms
and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0
or later (the latest version is presently available at
<A
HREF="http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/"
TARGET="_top"
>http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/</A
>).</P
><P
>Distribution of substantively modified versions of this
document is prohibited without the explicit permission of the
copyright holder.</P
><P
>Distribution of the work or derivative of the work in any
standard (paper) book form is prohibited unless prior
permission is obtained from the copyright holder.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="LEGALNOTICE"
><A
NAME="AEN23"><P
><B
>Trademarks</B
></P
><P
>Red Hat, the Red Hat Shadow Man logo®, eCos™, RedBoot™,
GNUPro®, and Insight™ are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. </P
><P
>Sun Microsystems® and Solaris® are registered trademarks of
Sun Microsystems, Inc. </P
><P
>SPARC® is a registered trademark of SPARC International, Inc., and
is used under license by Sun Microsystems, Inc. </P
><P
>Intel® is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation.</P
><P
>Motorola™ is a trademark of Motorola, Inc.</P
><P
>ARM® is a registered trademark of Advanced RISC Machines, Ltd.</P
><P
>MIPS™ is a trademark of MIPS Technologies, Inc.</P
><P
>Toshiba® is a registered trademark of the Toshiba Corporation.</P
><P
>NEC® is a registered trademark if the NEC Corporation.</P
><P
>Cirrus Logic® is a registered trademark of Cirrus Logic, Inc.</P
><P
>Compaq® is a registered trademark of the Compaq Computer Corporation.</P
><P
>Matsushita™ is a trademark of the Matsushita Electric Corporation.</P
><P
>Samsung® and CalmRISC™ are trademarks or registered trademarks
of Samsung, Inc. </P
><P
>Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. </P
><P
>UNIX® is a registered trademark of The Open Group. </P
><P
>Microsoft®, Windows®, and Windows NT® are registered trademarks
of Microsoft Corporation, Inc. </P
><P
>All other brand and product names, trademarks, and copyrights are the
property of their respective owners. </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="LEGALNOTICE"
><A
NAME="AEN42"><P
><B
>Warranty</B
></P
><P
>eCos and RedBoot are open source software, covered by a
modified version of the <A
HREF="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html"
TARGET="_top"
>GNU
General Public Licence</A
>,
and you are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain
conditions. See <A
HREF="http://sources.redhat.com/ecos/license-overview.html"
TARGET="_top"
>http://sources.redhat.com/ecos/license-overview.html</A
> for more information about the license.</P
><P
>eCos and RedBoot software have NO WARRANTY. </P
><P
>Because this software is licensed free of charge, there are no warranties
for it, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Except when otherwise stated
in writing, the copyright holders and/or other parties provide the software
“as is” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied,
including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and
fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk as to the quality and performance
of the software is with you. Should the software prove defective, you assume
the cost of all necessary servicing, repair or correction.</P
><P
> In no event, unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
will any copyright holder, or any other party who may modify and/or redistribute
the program as permitted above, be liable to you for damages, including any
general, special, incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use
or inability to use the program (including but not limited to loss of data
or data being rendered inaccurate or losses sustained by you or third parties
or a failure of the program to operate with any other programs), even if such
holder or other party has been advised of the possibility of such damages.</P
></DIV
><HR></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="TOC"
><DL
><DT
><B
>Table of Contents</B
></DT
><DT
>I. <A
HREF="kernel.html"
>The eCos Kernel</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-overview.html"
>Kernel Overview</A
> -- Overview of the eCos Kernel</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-smp.html"
>SMP Support</A
> -- Support Symmetric Multiprocessing Systems</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-thread-create.html"
>Thread creation</A
> -- Create a new thread</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-thread-info.html"
>Thread information</A
> -- Get basic thread information</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-thread-control.html"
>Thread control</A
> -- Control whether or not a thread is running</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-thread-termination.html"
>Thread termination</A
> -- Allow threads to terminate</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-thread-priorities.html"
>Thread priorities</A
> -- Examine and manipulate thread priorities</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-thread-data.html"
>Per-thread data</A
> -- Manipulate per-thread data</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-thread-destructors.html"
>Thread destructors</A
> -- Call functions on thread termination</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-exceptions.html"
>Exception handling</A
> -- Handle processor exceptions</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-counters.html"
>Counters</A
> -- Count event occurrences</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-clocks.html"
>Clocks</A
> -- Provide system clocks</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-alarms.html"
>Alarms</A
> -- Run an alarm function when a number of events have occurred</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-mutexes.html"
>Mutexes</A
> -- Synchronization primitive</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-condition-variables.html"
>Condition Variables</A
> -- Synchronization primitive</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-semaphores.html"
>Semaphores</A
> -- Synchronization primitive</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-mail-boxes.html"
>Mail boxes</A
> -- Synchronization primitive</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-flags.html"
>Event Flags</A
> -- Synchronization primitive</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-spinlocks.html"
>Spinlocks</A
> -- Low-level Synchronization Primitive</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-schedcontrol.html"
>Scheduler Control</A
> -- Control the state of the scheduler</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-interrupts.html"
>Interrupt Handling</A
> -- Manage interrupt handlers</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-characterization.html"
>Kernel Real-time Characterization</A
> -- Measure the performance of the eCos kernel</DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>II. <A
HREF="redboot.html"
>RedBoot™ User's Guide</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>1. <A
HREF="getting-started-with-redboot.html"
>Getting Started with RedBoot</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="getting-started-with-redboot.html#REDBOOT-ON-THE-WEB"
>More information about RedBoot on the web</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="installing-redboot.html"
>Installing RedBoot</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="user-interface.html"
>User Interface</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="redboot-editing-commands.html"
>RedBoot Editing Commands</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="startup-mode.html"
>RedBoot Startup Mode</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="resource-usage.html"
>RedBoot Resource Usage</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="configuring-the-redboot-environment.html"
>Configuring the RedBoot Environment</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>2. <A
HREF="redboot-commands-and-examples.html"
>RedBoot Commands and Examples</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="redboot-commands-and-examples.html#AEN2850"
>Introduction</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="common-commands.html"
>Common Commands</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="flash-image-system.html"
>Flash Image System (FIS)</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="persistent-state-flash.html"
>Persistent State Flash-based Configuration and Control</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="executing-programs.html"
>Executing Programs from RedBoot</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>3. <A
HREF="rebuilding-redboot.html"
>Rebuilding RedBoot</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="rebuilding-redboot.html#AEN4673"
>Introduction</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>4. <A
HREF="updating-redboot.html"
>Updating RedBoot</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="updating-redboot.html#AEN4752"
>Introduction</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>5. <A
HREF="installation-and-testing.html"
>Installation and Testing</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="installation-and-testing.html#ASB2305"
>AM3x/MN103E010 Matsushita MN103E010 (AM33/2.0) ASB2305 Board</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="e7t.html"
>ARM/ARM7 ARM Evaluator7T</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="integrator.html"
>ARM/ARM7+ARM9 ARM Integrator</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="pid.html"
>ARM/ARM7+ARM9 ARM PID Board and EPI Dev7+Dev9</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="at91.html"
>ARM/ARM7 Atmel AT91 Evaluation Board (EB40)</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="edb7xxx.html"
>ARM/ARM7 Cirrus Logic EP7xxx (EDB7211, EDB7212, EDB7312)</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="aaed2000.html"
>ARM/ARM9 Agilent AAED2000</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="excaliburarm9.html"
>ARM/ARM9 Altera Excalibur</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="ebsa285.html"
>ARM/StrongARM(SA110) Intel EBSA 285</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="brutus.html"
>ARM/StrongARM(SA1100) Intel Brutus</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="sa1100mm.html"
>ARM/StrongARM(SA1100) Intel SA1100 Multimedia Board</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="assabet.html"
>ARM/StrongARM(SA1110) Intel SA1110 (Assabet)</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="nano.html"
>ARM/StrongARM(SA11X0) Bright Star Engineering commEngine and nanoEngine</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="ipaq.html"
>ARM/StrongARM(SA11X0) Compaq iPAQ PocketPC</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="cerfcube.html"
>ARM/StrongARM(SA11X0) Intrinsyc CerfCube</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="iq80310.html"
>ARM/Xscale Cyclone IQ80310</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="iq80321.html"
>ARM/Xscale Intel IQ80321</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="calmrisc16.html"
>CalmRISC/CalmRISC16 Samsung CalmRISC16 Core Evaluation Board</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="calmrisc32.html"
>CalmRISC/CalmRISC32 Samsung CalmRISC32 Core Evaluation Board</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="frv400.html"
>FRV/FRV400 Fujitsu FR-V 400 (MB-93091)</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x86pc.html"
>IA32/x86 x86-Based PC</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="atlas.html"
>MIPS/MIPS32(CoreLV 4Kc)+MIPS64(CoreLV 5Kc) Atlas Board</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="malta.html"
>MIPS/MIPS32(CoreLV 4Kc)+MIPS64(CoreLV 5Kc) Malta Board</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="ocelot.html"
>MIPS/RM7000 PMC-Sierra Ocelot</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="vrc4375.html"
>MIPS/VR4375 NEC DDB-VRC4375</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="viper.html"
>PowerPC/MPC860T Analogue & Micro PowerPC 860T</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="mbx.html"
>PowerPC/MPC8XX Motorola MBX</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="edk7708.html"
>SuperH/SH3(SH7708) Hitachi EDK7708</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="se7709.html"
>SuperH/SH3(SH7709) Hitachi Solution Engine 7709</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="hs7729pci.html"
>SuperH/SH3(SH7729) Hitachi HS7729PCI</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="se77x9.html"
>SuperH/SH3(SH77X9) Hitachi Solution Engine 77X9</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="se7751.html"
>SuperH/SH4(SH7751) Hitachi Solution Engine 7751</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
></DL
></DD
><DT
>III. <A
HREF="the-ecos-hardware-abstraction-layer.html"
>The eCos Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>6. <A
HREF="hal-introduction.html"
>Introduction</A
></DT
><DT
>7. <A
HREF="hal-architecture-variant-and-platform.html"
>Architecture, Variant and Platform</A
></DT
><DT
>8. <A
HREF="hal-general-principles.html"
>General principles</A
></DT
><DT
>9. <A
HREF="hal-interfaces.html"
>HAL Interfaces</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="hal-interfaces.html#HAL-BASE-DEFINITIONS"
>Base Definitions</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="hal-architecture-characterization.html"
>Architecture Characterization</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="hal-interrupt-handling.html"
>Interrupt Handling</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="hal-input-and-output.html"
>HAL I/O</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="hal-cache-control.html"
>Cache Control</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="hal-linker-scripts.html"
>Linker Scripts</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="hal-diagnostic-support.html"
>Diagnostic Support</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="hal-smp-support.html"
>SMP Support</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>10. <A
HREF="hal-exception-handling.html"
>Exception Handling</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="hal-exception-handling.html#HAL-STARTUP"
>HAL Startup</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="hal-vectors-and-vsrs.html"
>Vectors and VSRs</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="hal-default-synchronous-exception-handling.html"
>Default Synchronous Exception Handling</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="hal-default-interrupt-handling.html"
>Default Interrupt Handling</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>11. <A
HREF="hal-porting-guide.html"
>Porting Guide</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="hal-porting-guide.html#HAL-PORTING-INTRO"
>Introduction</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="hal-porting-structure.html"
>HAL Structure</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="hal-calling-if.html"
>Virtual Vectors (eCos/ROM Monitor Calling Interface)</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="hal-porting-coding-conventions.html"
>HAL Coding Conventions</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="hal-porting-platform.html"
>Platform HAL Porting</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="hal-porting-variant.html"
>Variant HAL Porting</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="hal-porting-architecture.html"
>Architecture HAL Porting</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>12. <A
HREF="hal-future-developments.html"
>Future developments</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
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