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>Debugging Techniques</TITLE
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><DIV
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><H1
><A
NAME="DEBUGGING-TECHNIQUES">Chapter 27. Debugging Techniques</H1
><DIV
CLASS="TOC"
><DL
><DT
><B
>Table of Contents</B
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="debugging-techniques.html#TRACING"
>Tracing</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="kernel-instrumentation.html"
>Kernel Instrumentation</A
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><P
><SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
> applications and components can be debugged in
traditional ways, with printing statements and debugger
single-stepping, but there are situations in which these
techniques cannot be used. One example of this is when a
program is getting data at a high rate from a real-time
source, and cannot be slowed down or interrupted.</P
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>’s infrastructure module provides a
<SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>tracing</I
></SPAN
> formalism, allowing the
kernel’s tracing macros to be configured in many useful
ways. <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>’s kernel provides <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>instrumentation
buffers</I
> which also collect specific
(configurable) data about the system’s history and
performance.</P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="TRACING">Tracing</H1
><P
>To use <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>’s tracing facilities you must first
configure your system to use <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>tracing</I
>.
You should enable the Asserts and Tracing component
(<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>CYGPKG_INFRA_DEBUG</TT
>) and the
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>Use tracing</TT
> component within it
(<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>CYGDBG_USE_TRACING</TT
>). These
options can be enabled with the <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Configuration
Tool</SPAN
> or by editing the file
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
><TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>BUILD_DIR</I
></TT
>/pkgconf/infra.h
</TT
> manually.</P
><P
>You should then examine all the tracing-related options in
the <I
CLASS="CITETITLE"
>Package: Infrastructure</I
> chapter of the <I
CLASS="CITETITLE"
><SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
> Reference
Manual</I
>. One useful set of configuration options are: <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CYGDBG_INFRA_DEBUG_FUNCTION_REPORTS</TT
> and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CYGDBG_INFRA_DEBUG_TRACE_MESSAGE</TT
>,
which are both enabled by default when tracing is enabled.</P
><P
>The following “Hello world with tracing” shows
the output from running the hello world program (from <A
HREF="building-and-running-sample-appliations.html#ECOS-HELLO-WORLD"
>the Section called <I
><SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
> Hello World</I
> in Chapter 13</A
>) that was
built with tracing enabled: </P
><DIV
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN2287"><P
><B
>Example 27-1. Hello world with tracing</B
></P
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><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
>$ mips-tx39-elf-run --board=jmr3904 hello
Hello, eCos world!
ASSERT FAIL: <2>cyg_trac.h [ 623] Cyg_TraceFunction_Report_::set_exitvoid() exitvoid used in typed function
TRACE: <1>mlqueue.cxx [ 395] Cyg_ThreadQueue_Implementation::enqueue() {{enter
TRACE: <1>mlqueue.cxx [ 395] Cyg_ThreadQueue_Implementation::enqueue() }}RETURNING UNSET!
TRACE: <1>mlqueue.cxx [ 126] Cyg_Scheduler_Implementation::add_thread() }}RETURNING UNSET!
TRACE: <1>thread.cxx [ 654] Cyg_Thread::resume() }}return void
TRACE: <1>cstartup.cxx [ 160] cyg_iso_c_start() }}return void
TRACE: <1>startup.cxx [ 142] cyg_package_start() }}return void
TRACE: <1>startup.cxx [ 150] cyg_user_start() {{enter
TRACE: <1>startup.cxx [ 150] cyg_user_start() (((void)))
TRACE: <1>startup.cxx [ 153] cyg_user_start() 'This is the system default cyg_user_start()'
TRACE: <1>startup.cxx [ 157] cyg_user_start() }}return void
TRACE: <1>sched.cxx [ 212] Cyg_Scheduler::start() {{enter
TRACE: <1>mlqueue.cxx [ 102] Cyg_Scheduler_Implementation::schedule() {{enter
TRACE: <1>mlqueue.cxx [ 437] Cyg_ThreadQueue_Implementation::highpri() {{enter
TRACE: <1>mlqueue.cxx [ 437] Cyg_ThreadQueue_Implementation::highpri() }}RETURNING UNSET!
TRACE: <1>mlqueue.cxx [ 102] Cyg_Scheduler_Implementation::schedule() }}RETURNING UNSET!
TRACE: <2>intr.cxx [ 450] Cyg_Interrupt::enable_interrupts() {{enter
TRACE: <2>intr.cxx [ 450] Cyg_Interrupt::enable_interrupts() }}RETURNING UNSET!
TRACE: <2>thread.cxx [ 69] Cyg_HardwareThread::thread_entry() {{enter
TRACE: <2>cstartup.cxx [ 127] invoke_main() {{enter
TRACE: <2>cstartup.cxx [ 127] invoke_main() ((argument is ignored))
TRACE: <2>dummyxxmain.cxx [ 60] __main() {{enter
TRACE: <2>dummyxxmain.cxx [ 60] __main() (((void)))
TRACE: <2>dummyxxmain.cxx [ 63] __main() 'This is the system default __main()'
TRACE: <2>dummyxxmain.cxx [ 67] __main() }}return void
TRACE: <2>memcpy.c [ 112] _memcpy() {{enter
TRACE: <2>memcpy.c [ 112] _memcpy() ((dst=80002804, src=BFC14E58, n=19))
TRACE: <2>memcpy.c [ 164] _memcpy() }}returning 80002804
TRACE: <2>cstartup.cxx [ 137] invoke_main() 'main() has returned with code 0. Calling exit()'
TRACE: <2>exit.cxx [ 71] __libc_exit() {{enter
TRACE: <2>exit.cxx [ 71] __libc_exit() ((status=0 ))
TRACE: <2>atexit.cxx [ 84] cyg_libc_invoke_atexit_handlers() {{enter
TRACE: <2>atexit.cxx [ 84] cyg_libc_invoke_atexit_handlers() (((void)))
Scheduler:
Lock: 0
Current Thread: <null>
Threads:
Idle Thread pri = 31 state = R id = 1
stack base = 800021F0 ptr = 80002510 size = 00000400
sleep reason NONE wake reason NONE
queue = 80000C54 wait info = 00000000
<null> pri = 0 state = R id = 2
stack base = 80002A48 ptr = 8000A968 size = 00008000
sleep reason NONE wake reason NONE
queue = 80000BD8 wait info = 00000000
</PRE
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