zip.1

汇编大全 中国矿业大学计算机学院 汇编实验5

.I .snd
without trying to compress them
(image and sound files often have their own specialized compression methods).
By default,
.I zip
does not compress files with extensions in the list
.I .Z:.zip:.zoo:.arc:.lzh:.arj.
Such files are stored directly in the output archive.
The environment variable ZIPOPT can be used to change the default options. For
example under Unix with csh:
.RS
.IP
setenv ZIPOPT "-n .gif:.zip"
.RE
.IP
To attempt compression on all files, use:
.RS
.IP
zip -n : foo 
.RE
.IP
The maximum compression option
.B \-9
also attempts compression on all files regardless of extension.
.TP
.B \-o
Set the "last modified" time of the
.I zip
archive to the latest (oldest) "last modified" time
found among the entries in the
.I zip
archive.
This can be used without any other operations, if desired.
For example:
.IP
\fCzip -o foo\fP
.IP
will change the last modified time of
.I foo.zip
to the latest time of the entries in
.IR foo.zip .
.TP
.B \-q
Quiet mode;
eliminate informational messages and comment prompts.
(Useful, for example, in shell scripts and background tasks).
.TP
.B \-r
Travel the directory structure recursively;
for example:
.RS
.IP
\fCzip -r foo foo\fP
.RE
.IP
In this case, all the files and directories in
.I foo
are saved in a
.I zip
archive named
.IR foo.zip ,
including files with names starting with ".",
since the recursion does not use the shell's file-name substitution mechanism.
If you wish to include only a specific subset of the files in directory
.I foo
and its subdirectories, use the
.B \-i
option to the specify the pattern of files to be included.
You should not use
.B \-r
with the name ".*",
since that matches ".."
which will attempt to zip up the parent directory
(probably not what was intended).
.TP
.B \-S
Include system and hidden files. This option is
effective on some systems only; it is ignored on Unix.
.TP
.BI \-t\ mmddyy
Do not operate on files modified prior to the specified date,
where
.I mm
is the month (0-12),
.I dd
is the day of the month (1-31),
and
.I yy
are the last two digits of the year.
For example:
.RS
.IP
\fCzip -rt 120791 infamy foo\fP
.RE
.IP
will add all the files in
.I foo
and its subdirectories that were last modified on or after 7 December 1991,
to the
.I zip
archive
.IR infamy.zip .
.TP
.B \-T
Test the integrity of the new zip file. If the check fails, the old zip file
is unchanged and (with the
.B -m
option) not input files are removed.
.TP
.B \-u
Replace (update) an existing entry in the
.I zip
archive only if it has been modified more recently
than the version already in the
.I zip
archive.
For example:
.RS
.IP
\fCzip -u stuff *\fP
.RE
.IP
will add any new files in the current directory,
and update any files which have been modified since the
.I zip
archive
.I stuff.zip
was last created/modified (note that
.I zip
will not try to pack
.I stuff.zip
into itself when you do this). 
.IP
Note that the
.B \-u
option with no arguments acts like the
.B \-f
(freshen) option.
.TP
.B \-v
Verbose mode. Display a progress indicator during compression.
.TP
.B \-V
Save VMS file attributes. This option is available on VMS only;
.I zip
archives created with this option will generally not be usable
on other systems.
.TP
.B \-w
Append the version number of the files to the name,
including multiple versions of files.
(VMS only; default:
use only the most recent version of a specified file).
.TP
.BI \-x\ files
Explicitly exclude the specified files, as in:
.RS
.IP
\fCzip -r foo foo -x \\*.o\fP
.RE
.IP
which will include the contents of
.I foo
in
.I foo.zip
while excluding all the files that end in
.IR \& .o .
The backslash avoids the shell filename substitution, so that the
name matching is performed by
.I zip
at all directory levels.
.TP
.B \-y
Store symbolic links as such in the
.I zip
archive,
instead of compressing and storing the file referred to by the link
(UNIX only).
.TP
.B \-z
Prompt for a multi-line comment for the entire
.I zip
archive.
The comment is ended by a line containing just a period,
or an end of file condition (^D on UNIX, ^Z on MSDOS, OS/2, and VAX/VMS).
The comment can be taken from a file:
.RS
.IP
\fCzip -z foo < foowhat\fP
.RE
.TP
.BI \-#
Regulate the speed of compression using the specified digit
.IR # ,
where
.B \-0
indicates no compression (store all files),
.B \-1
indicates the fastest compression method (less compression)
and
.B \-9
indicates the slowest compression method (optimal compression, ignores
the suffix list). The default compression level is
.BR \-6.
.TP
.B \-@
Take the list of input files from standard input.
.TP
.B \-$
Include the volume label for the the drive holding the first file to be
compressed.  If you want to include only the volume label or to force a
specific drive, use the drive name as first file name, as in:
.RS
.IP
\fCzip -$ foo a: c:bar\fP
.RE
.IP
This option is effective on some systems only (MSDOS and OS/2); it is
ignored on Unix.
.SH "EXAMPLES"
The simplest example:
.IP
\fCzip stuff *\fP
.LP
creates the archive
.I stuff.zip
(assuming it does not exist)
and puts all the files in the current directory in it, in compressed form
(the
.I \&.zip
suffix is added automatically,
unless that archive name given contains a dot already;
this allows the explicit specification of other suffixes).
.LP
Because of the way the shell does filename substitution,
files starting with "." are not included;
to include these as well:
.IP
\fCzip stuff .* *\fP
.LP
Even this will not include any subdirectories from the current directory.
.LP
To zip up an entire directory, the command:
.IP
\fCzip -r foo foo\fP
.LP
creates the archive
.IR foo.zip ,
containing all the files and directories in the directory
.I foo
that is contained within the current directory.
.LP
You may want to make a
.I zip
archive that contains the files in
.IR foo ,
without recording the directory name,
.IR foo .
You can use the
.B \-j
option to leave off the paths,
as in:
.IP
\fCzip -j foo foo/*\fP
.LP
If you are short on disk space,
you might not have enough room to hold both the original directory
and the corresponding compressed
.I zip
archive.
In this case, you can create the archive in steps using the
.B \-m
option.
If
.I foo
contains the subdirectories
.IR tom ,
.IR dick ,
and
.IR harry ,
you can:
.IP
\fCzip -rm foo foo/tom\fP
.br
\fCzip -rm foo foo/dick\fP
.br
\fCzip -rm foo foo/harry\fP
.LP
where the first command creates
.IR foo.zip ,
and the next two add to it.
At the completion of each
.I zip
command,
the last created archive is deleted,
making room for the next
.I zip
command to function.
.SH "PATTERN MATCHING"
This section applies only to UNIX.
Watch this space for details on MSDOS and VMS operation.
.LP
The UNIX shells
.RI ( sh (1)
and
.IR csh (1))
do filename substitution on command arguments.
The special characters are:
.TP
.B ?
match any single character
.TP
.B *
match any number of characters (including none)
.TP
.B []
match any character in the range indicated within the brackets
(example: [a\-f], [0\-9]).
.LP
When these characters are encountered
(without being escaped with a backslash or quotes),
the shell will look for files relative to the current path
that match the pattern,
and replace the argument with a list of the names that matched.
.LP
The
.I zip
program can do the same matching on names that are in the
.I zip
archive being modified or,
in the case of the
.B \-x
(exclude) or
.B \-i
(include) options, on the list of files to be operated on, by using
backslashes or quotes to tell the shell not to do the name expansion.
In general, when
.I zip
encounters a name in the list of files to do, it first looks for the name in
the file system.  If it finds it, it then adds it to the list of files to do.
If it does not find it, it looks for the name in the
.I zip
archive being modified (if it exists), using the pattern matching characters
described above, if present.  For each match, it will add that name to the
list of files to be processed, unless this name matches one given
with the
.B \-x
option, or does not match any name given with the
.B \-i
option.
.LP
The pattern matching includes the path,
and so patterns like \\*.o match names that end in ".o",
no matter what the path prefix is.
Note that the backslash must precede every special character (i.e. ?*[]),
or the entire argument must be enclosed in double quotes ("").
.LP
In general, use backslash to make
.I zip
do the pattern matching with the
.B \-f
(freshen) and
.B \-d
(delete) options,
and sometimes after the
.B \-x
(exclude) option when used with an appropriate operation (add,
.BR \-u ,
.BR \-f ,
or
.BR \-d ).
.SH "SEE ALSO"
compress(1),
shar(1L),
tar(1),
unzip(1L),
gzip(1L)
.SH BUGS
.I zip
2.0 is not compatible with PKUNZIP 1.10. Use
.I zip
1.1 to produce
.I zip
files which can be extracted by PKUNZIP 1.10.
.PP
.I zip
files produced by
.I zip
2.0 must not be
.I updated
by
.I zip
1.1 or PKZIP 1.10, if they contain
encrypted members, or if they have been produced in a pipe or on a non
seekable device. The old versions of
.I zip
or PKZIP would create an archive with an incorrect format.
The old versions can list the contents of the zip file
but cannot extract it anyway (because of the new compression algorithm).
If you do not use encryption and use regular disk files, you do
not have to care about this problem.
.LP
Under VMS,
not all of the odd file formats are treated properly.
Only stream-LF format
.I zip
files are expected to work with
.IR zip .
Others can be converted using Rahul Dhesi's BILF program.
This version of
.I zip
handles some of the conversion internally.
When using Kermit to transfer zip files from Vax to MSDOS, type "set
file type block" on the Vax.  When transfering from MSDOS to Vax, type
"set file type fixed" on the Vax.  In both cases, type "set file type
binary" on MSDOS.
.LP
Under VMS, zip hangs for file specification that uses DECnet syntax
.I foo::*.*.
.LP
On OS/2, zip cannot match some names, such as those including an
exclamation mark or a hash sign.  This is a bug in OS/2 itself: the
32-bit DosFindFirst/Next don't find such names.  Other programs such
as GNU tar are also affected by this bug.
.LP
Under OS/2, the amount of External Attributes displayed by DIR is (for
compatibility) the amount returned by the 16-bit version of
DosQueryPathInfo(). Otherwise OS/2 1.3 and 2.0 would report different
EA sizes when DIRing a file.
However, the structure layout returned by the 32-bit DosQueryPathInfo()
is a bit different, it uses extra padding bytes and link pointers (it's
a linked list) to have all fields on 4-byte boundaries for portability
to future RISC OS/2 versions. Therefore the value reported by
.I zip
(which uses this 32-bit-mode size) differs from that reported by DIR.
.I zip
stores the 32-bit format for portability, even the 16-bit
MS-C-compiled version running on OS/2 1.3, so even this one shows the
32-bit-mode size.
.SH AUTHORS
Copyright (C) 1990-1993 Mark Adler, Richard B. Wales, Jean-loup Gailly,
Kai Uwe Rommel, Igor Mandrichenko and John Bush.
Permission is granted to any individual or institution to use, copy, or
redistribute this software so long as all of the original files are included,
that it is not sold for profit, and that this copyright notice
is retained.
.LP
LIKE ANYTHING ELSE THAT'S FREE, ZIP AND ITS ASSOCIATED UTILITIES ARE
PROVIDED AS IS AND COME WITH NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR
IMPLIED. IN NO EVENT WILL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES
RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
.LP
Please send bug reports and comments by email to:
.IR zip\[e-mail].
For bug reports, please include the version of
.IR zip ,
the make options used to compile it,
the machine and operating system in use,
and as much additional information as possible.
.SH ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thanks to R. P. Byrne for his
.I Shrink.Pas
program, which inspired this project,
and from which the shrink algorithm was stolen;
to Phil Katz for placing in the public domain the
.I zip
file format, compression format, and .ZIP filename extension, and for
accepting minor changes to the file format; to Steve Burg for
clarifications on the deflate format; to Haruhiko Okumura and Leonid
Broukhis for providing some useful ideas for the compression
algorithm; to Keith Petersen, Rich Wales, Hunter Goatley and Mark
Adler for providing a mailing list and
.I ftp
site for the INFO-ZIP group to use; and most importantly, to the
INFO-ZIP group itself (listed in the file
.IR infozip.who )
without whose tireless testing and bug-fixing efforts a portable
.I zip
would not have been possible.
Finally we should thank (blame) the first INFO-ZIP moderator,
David Kirschbaum,
for getting us into this mess in the first place.
The manual page was rewritten for UNIX by R. P. C. Rodgers.
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