basic_string.h

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      */
      basic_string&
      insert(size_type __pos, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
      { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::insert"),
			      size_type(0), __n, __c); }

      /**
       *  @brief  Insert one character.
       *  @param p  Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
       *  @param c  The character to insert.
       *  @return  Iterator referencing newly inserted char.
       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
       *
       *  Inserts character @a c at position referenced by @a p.  If adding
       *  character causes the length to exceed max_size(), length_error is
       *  thrown.  If @a p is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
       *  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
      */
      iterator
      insert(iterator __p, _CharT __c)
      {
	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= _M_ibegin() && __p <= _M_iend());
	const size_type __pos = __p - _M_ibegin();
	_M_replace_aux(__pos, size_type(0), size_type(1), __c);
	_M_rep()->_M_set_leaked();
	return this->_M_ibegin() + __pos;
      }

      /**
       *  @brief  Remove characters.
       *  @param pos  Index of first character to remove (default 0).
       *  @param n  Number of characters to remove (default remainder).
       *  @return  Reference to this string.
       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is beyond the end of this
       *  string.
       *
       *  Removes @a n characters from this string starting at @a pos.  The
       *  length of the string is reduced by @a n.  If there are < @a n
       *  characters to remove, the remainder of the string is truncated.  If
       *  @a p is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.  The value of
       *  the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
      */
      basic_string&
      erase(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos)
      { 
	_M_mutate(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::erase"),
		  _M_limit(__pos, __n), size_type(0));
	return *this;
      }

      /**
       *  @brief  Remove one character.
       *  @param position  Iterator referencing the character to remove.
       *  @return  iterator referencing same location after removal.
       *
       *  Removes the character at @a position from this string. The value
       *  of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
      */
      iterator
      erase(iterator __position)
      {
	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__position >= _M_ibegin()
				 && __position < _M_iend());
	const size_type __pos = __position - _M_ibegin();
	_M_mutate(__pos, size_type(1), size_type(0));
	_M_rep()->_M_set_leaked();
	return _M_ibegin() + __pos;
      }

      /**
       *  @brief  Remove a range of characters.
       *  @param first  Iterator referencing the first character to remove.
       *  @param last  Iterator referencing the end of the range.
       *  @return  Iterator referencing location of first after removal.
       *
       *  Removes the characters in the range [first,last) from this string.
       *  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
      */
      iterator
      erase(iterator __first, iterator __last)
      {
	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__first >= _M_ibegin() && __first <= __last
				 && __last <= _M_iend());
        const size_type __pos = __first - _M_ibegin();
	_M_mutate(__pos, __last - __first, size_type(0));
	_M_rep()->_M_set_leaked();
	return _M_ibegin() + __pos;
      }

      /**
       *  @brief  Replace characters with value from another string.
       *  @param pos  Index of first character to replace.
       *  @param n  Number of characters to be replaced.
       *  @param str  String to insert.
       *  @return  Reference to this string.
       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is beyond the end of this
       *  string.
       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
       *
       *  Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos+n) from this string.
       *  In place, the value of @a str is inserted.  If @a pos is beyond end
       *  of string, out_of_range is thrown.  If the length of the result
       *  exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the string
       *  doesn't change if an error is thrown.
      */
      basic_string&
      replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str)
      { return this->replace(__pos, __n, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }

      /**
       *  @brief  Replace characters with value from another string.
       *  @param pos1  Index of first character to replace.
       *  @param n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
       *  @param str  String to insert.
       *  @param pos2  Index of first character of str to use.
       *  @param n2  Number of characters from str to use.
       *  @return  Reference to this string.
       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos1 > size() or @a pos2 >
       *  str.size().
       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
       *
       *  Removes the characters in the range [pos1,pos1 + n) from this
       *  string.  In place, the value of @a str is inserted.  If @a pos is
       *  beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.  If the length of the
       *  result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the
       *  string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
      */
      basic_string&
      replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
	      size_type __pos2, size_type __n2)
      { return this->replace(__pos1, __n1, __str._M_data()
			     + __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::replace"),
			     __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n2)); }

      /**
       *  @brief  Replace characters with value of a C substring.
       *  @param pos  Index of first character to replace.
       *  @param n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
       *  @param s  C string to insert.
       *  @param n2  Number of characters from @a s to use.
       *  @return  Reference to this string.
       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos1 > size().
       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
       *
       *  Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this string.
       *  In place, the first @a n2 characters of @a s are inserted, or all
       *  of @a s if @a n2 is too large.  If @a pos is beyond end of string,
       *  out_of_range is thrown.  If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
       *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if
       *  an error is thrown.
      */
      basic_string&
      replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
	      size_type __n2);

      /**
       *  @brief  Replace characters with value of a C string.
       *  @param pos  Index of first character to replace.
       *  @param n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
       *  @param s  C string to insert.
       *  @return  Reference to this string.
       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos > size().
       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
       *
       *  Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this string.
       *  In place, the first @a n characters of @a s are inserted.  If @a
       *  pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.  If the length
       *  of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of
       *  the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
      */
      basic_string&
      replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s)
      {
	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
	return this->replace(__pos, __n1, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
      }

      /**
       *  @brief  Replace characters with multiple characters.
       *  @param pos  Index of first character to replace.
       *  @param n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
       *  @param n2  Number of characters to insert.
       *  @param c  Character to insert.
       *  @return  Reference to this string.
       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos > size().
       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
       *
       *  Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this string.
       *  In place, @a n2 copies of @a c are inserted.  If @a pos is beyond
       *  end of string, out_of_range is thrown.  If the length of result
       *  exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the string
       *  doesn't change if an error is thrown.
      */
      basic_string&
      replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, size_type __n2, _CharT __c)
      { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::replace"),
			      _M_limit(__pos, __n1), __n2, __c); }

      /**
       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with string.
       *  @param i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
       *  @param i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
       *  @param str  String value to insert.
       *  @return  Reference to this string.
       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
       *
       *  Removes the characters in the range [i1,i2).  In place, the value of
       *  @a str is inserted.  If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
       *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if
       *  an error is thrown.
      */
      basic_string&
      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const basic_string& __str)
      { return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }

      /**
       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with C substring.
       *  @param i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
       *  @param i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
       *  @param s  C string value to insert.
       *  @param n  Number of characters from s to insert.
       *  @return  Reference to this string.
       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
       *
       *  Removes the characters in the range [i1,i2).  In place, the first @a
       *  n characters of @a s are inserted.  If the length of result exceeds
       *  max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
       *  change if an error is thrown.
      */
      basic_string&
      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
      {
	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
				 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
	return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __s, __n);
      }

      /**
       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with C string.
       *  @param i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
       *  @param i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
       *  @param s  C string value to insert.
       *  @return  Reference to this string.
       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
       *
       *  Removes the characters in the range [i1,i2).  In place, the
       *  characters of @a s are inserted.  If the length of result exceeds
       *  max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
       *  change if an error is thrown.
      */
      basic_string&
      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s)
      {
	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
	return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
      }

      /**
       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with multiple characters
       *  @param i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
       *  @param i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
       *  @param n  Number of characters to insert.
       *  @param c  Character to insert.
       *  @return  Reference to this string.
       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
       *
       *  Removes the characters in the range [i1,i2).  In place, @a n copies
       *  of @a c are inserted.  If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
       *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if
       *  an error is thrown.
      */
      basic_string&
      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
      {
	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
				 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
	return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __c);
      }

      /**
       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with range.
       *  @param i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
       *  @param i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
       *  @param k1  Iterator referencing start of range to insert.
       *  @param k2  Iterator referencing end of range to insert.
       *  @return  Reference to this string.
       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
       *
       *  Removes the characters in the range [i1,i2).  In place, characters
       *  in the range [k1,k2) are inserted.  If the length of result exceeds
       *  max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
       *  change if an error is thrown.
      */
      template<class _InputIterator>
        basic_string&
        replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
		_InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
        {
	  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
				   && __i2 <= _M_iend());
	  __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
	  typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InputIterator>::__type _Integral;
	  return _M_replace_dispatch(__i1, __i2, __k1, __k2, _Integral());
	}

      // Specializations for the common case of pointer and iterator:
      // useful to avoid the overhead of temporary buffering in _M_replace.
      basic_string&
      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2)
      {
	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
				 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
	__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
	return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
			     __k1, __k2 - __k1);
      }

      basic_string&
      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
	      const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
      {
	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
				 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
	__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
	return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
			     __k1, __k2 - __k1);
      }

      basic_string&
      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, iterator __k1, iterator __k2)
      {
	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
				 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
	__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
	return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
			     __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
      }

      basic_string&
      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
	      const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
      {
	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
				 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
	__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
	return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
			     __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
      }
      
    private:
      template<class _Integer>
	basic_string&
	_M_replace_dispatch(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _Integer __n,
			    _Integer __val, __true_type)
        { return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __val); }

      template<class _InputIterator>