stl_algo.h

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    {
      
      typedef typename std::iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIter>::difference_type
	_DistanceType;

      _DistanceType __tailSize = __last - __first;
      const _DistanceType __pattSize = __count;

      if (__tailSize < __pattSize)
        return __last;

      const _DistanceType __skipOffset = __pattSize - 1;
      _RandomAccessIter __lookAhead = __first + __skipOffset;
      __tailSize -= __pattSize;

      while (1) // the main loop...
	{
	  // __lookAhead here is always pointing to the last element of next 
	  // possible match.
	  while (!__binary_pred(*__lookAhead, __val)) // the skip loop...
	    {
	      if (__tailSize < __pattSize)
		return __last;  // Failure
	      __lookAhead += __pattSize;
	      __tailSize -= __pattSize;
	    }
	  _DistanceType __remainder = __skipOffset;
	  for (_RandomAccessIter __backTrack = __lookAhead - 1; 
	       __binary_pred(*__backTrack, __val); --__backTrack)
	    {
	      if (--__remainder == 0)
		return (__lookAhead - __skipOffset); // Success
	    }
	  if (__remainder > __tailSize)
	    return __last; // Failure
	  __lookAhead += __remainder;
	  __tailSize -= __remainder;
	}
    }

  /**
   *  @brief Search a sequence for a number of consecutive values using a
   *         predicate.
   *  @param  first        A forward iterator.
   *  @param  last         A forward iterator.
   *  @param  count        The number of consecutive values.
   *  @param  val          The value to find.
   *  @param  binary_pred  A binary predicate.
   *  @return   The first iterator @c i in the range @p [first,last-count)
   *  such that @p binary_pred(*(i+N),val) is true for each @c N in the
   *  range @p [0,count), or @p last if no such iterator exists.
   *
   *  Searches the range @p [first,last) for @p count consecutive elements
   *  for which the predicate returns true.
  */
  template<typename _ForwardIterator, typename _Integer, typename _Tp,
           typename _BinaryPredicate>
    _ForwardIterator
    search_n(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last,
	     _Integer __count, const _Tp& __val,
	     _BinaryPredicate __binary_pred)
    {
      // concept requirements
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_ForwardIteratorConcept<_ForwardIterator>)
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_BinaryPredicateConcept<_BinaryPredicate,
	    typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type, _Tp>)
      __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__first, __last);

      if (__count <= 0)
	return __first;
      if (__count == 1)
	{
	  while (__first != __last && !__binary_pred(*__first, __val))
	    ++__first;
	  return __first;
	}
      return std::__search_n(__first, __last, __count, __val, __binary_pred,
			     std::__iterator_category(__first));
    }

  /**
   *  @brief Swap the elements of two sequences.
   *  @param  first1  A forward iterator.
   *  @param  last1   A forward iterator.
   *  @param  first2  A forward iterator.
   *  @return   An iterator equal to @p first2+(last1-first1).
   *
   *  Swaps each element in the range @p [first1,last1) with the
   *  corresponding element in the range @p [first2,(last1-first1)).
   *  The ranges must not overlap.
  */
  template<typename _ForwardIterator1, typename _ForwardIterator2>
    _ForwardIterator2
    swap_ranges(_ForwardIterator1 __first1, _ForwardIterator1 __last1,
		_ForwardIterator2 __first2)
    {
      // concept requirements
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_Mutable_ForwardIteratorConcept<
				  _ForwardIterator1>)
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_Mutable_ForwardIteratorConcept<
				  _ForwardIterator2>)
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_ConvertibleConcept<
	    typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator1>::value_type,
	    typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator2>::value_type>)
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_ConvertibleConcept<
	    typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator2>::value_type,
	    typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator1>::value_type>)
      __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__first1, __last1);

      for ( ; __first1 != __last1; ++__first1, ++__first2)
	std::iter_swap(__first1, __first2);
      return __first2;
    }

  /**
   *  @brief Perform an operation on a sequence.
   *  @param  first     An input iterator.
   *  @param  last      An input iterator.
   *  @param  result    An output iterator.
   *  @param  unary_op  A unary operator.
   *  @return   An output iterator equal to @p result+(last-first).
   *
   *  Applies the operator to each element in the input range and assigns
   *  the results to successive elements of the output sequence.
   *  Evaluates @p *(result+N)=unary_op(*(first+N)) for each @c N in the
   *  range @p [0,last-first).
   *
   *  @p unary_op must not alter its argument.
  */
  template<typename _InputIterator, typename _OutputIterator,
	   typename _UnaryOperation>
    _OutputIterator
    transform(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
	      _OutputIterator __result, _UnaryOperation __unary_op)
    {
      // concept requirements
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_InputIteratorConcept<_InputIterator>)
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_OutputIteratorConcept<_OutputIterator,
            // "the type returned by a _UnaryOperation"
            __typeof__(__unary_op(*__first))>)
      __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__first, __last);

      for ( ; __first != __last; ++__first, ++__result)
	*__result = __unary_op(*__first);
      return __result;
    }

  /**
   *  @brief Perform an operation on corresponding elements of two sequences.
   *  @param  first1     An input iterator.
   *  @param  last1      An input iterator.
   *  @param  first2     An input iterator.
   *  @param  result     An output iterator.
   *  @param  binary_op  A binary operator.
   *  @return   An output iterator equal to @p result+(last-first).
   *
   *  Applies the operator to the corresponding elements in the two
   *  input ranges and assigns the results to successive elements of the
   *  output sequence.
   *  Evaluates @p *(result+N)=binary_op(*(first1+N),*(first2+N)) for each
   *  @c N in the range @p [0,last1-first1).
   *
   *  @p binary_op must not alter either of its arguments.
  */
  template<typename _InputIterator1, typename _InputIterator2,
	   typename _OutputIterator, typename _BinaryOperation>
    _OutputIterator
    transform(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
	      _InputIterator2 __first2, _OutputIterator __result,
	      _BinaryOperation __binary_op)
    {
      // concept requirements
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_InputIteratorConcept<_InputIterator1>)
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_InputIteratorConcept<_InputIterator2>)
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_OutputIteratorConcept<_OutputIterator,
            // "the type returned by a _BinaryOperation"
            __typeof__(__binary_op(*__first1,*__first2))>)
      __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__first1, __last1);

      for ( ; __first1 != __last1; ++__first1, ++__first2, ++__result)
	*__result = __binary_op(*__first1, *__first2);
      return __result;
    }

  /**
   *  @brief Replace each occurrence of one value in a sequence with another
   *         value.
   *  @param  first      A forward iterator.
   *  @param  last       A forward iterator.
   *  @param  old_value  The value to be replaced.
   *  @param  new_value  The replacement value.
   *  @return   replace() returns no value.
   *
   *  For each iterator @c i in the range @p [first,last) if @c *i ==
   *  @p old_value then the assignment @c *i = @p new_value is performed.
  */
  template<typename _ForwardIterator, typename _Tp>
    void
    replace(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last,
	    const _Tp& __old_value, const _Tp& __new_value)
    {
      // concept requirements
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_Mutable_ForwardIteratorConcept<
				  _ForwardIterator>)
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_EqualOpConcept<
	    typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type, _Tp>)
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_ConvertibleConcept<_Tp,
	    typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type>)
      __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__first, __last);

      for ( ; __first != __last; ++__first)
	if (*__first == __old_value)
	  *__first = __new_value;
    }

  /**
   *  @brief Replace each value in a sequence for which a predicate returns
   *         true with another value.
   *  @param  first      A forward iterator.
   *  @param  last       A forward iterator.
   *  @param  pred       A predicate.
   *  @param  new_value  The replacement value.
   *  @return   replace_if() returns no value.
   *
   *  For each iterator @c i in the range @p [first,last) if @p pred(*i)
   *  is true then the assignment @c *i = @p new_value is performed.
  */
  template<typename _ForwardIterator, typename _Predicate, typename _Tp>
    void
    replace_if(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last,
	       _Predicate __pred, const _Tp& __new_value)
    {
      // concept requirements
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_Mutable_ForwardIteratorConcept<
				  _ForwardIterator>)
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_ConvertibleConcept<_Tp,
	    typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type>)
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_UnaryPredicateConcept<_Predicate,
	    typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type>)
      __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__first, __last);

      for ( ; __first != __last; ++__first)
	if (__pred(*__first))
	  *__first = __new_value;
    }

  /**
   *  @brief Copy a sequence, replacing each element of one value with another
   *         value.
   *  @param  first      An input iterator.
   *  @param  last       An input iterator.
   *  @param  result     An output iterator.
   *  @param  old_value  The value to be replaced.
   *  @param  new_value  The replacement value.
   *  @return   The end of the output sequence, @p result+(last-first).
   *
   *  Copies each element in the input range @p [first,last) to the
   *  output range @p [result,result+(last-first)) replacing elements
   *  equal to @p old_value with @p new_value.
  */
  template<typename _InputIterator, typename _OutputIterator, typename _Tp>
    _OutputIterator
    replace_copy(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
		 _OutputIterator __result,
		 const _Tp& __old_value, const _Tp& __new_value)
    {
      // concept requirements
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_InputIteratorConcept<_InputIterator>)
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_OutputIteratorConcept<_OutputIterator,
	    typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::value_type>)
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_EqualOpConcept<
	    typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::value_type, _Tp>)
      __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__first, __last);

      for ( ; __first != __last; ++__first, ++__result)
	if (*__first == __old_value)
	  *__result = __new_value;
	else
	  *__result = *__first;
      return __result;
    }

  /**
   *  @brief Copy a sequence, replacing each value for which a predicate
   *         returns true with another value.
   *  @param  first      An input iterator.
   *  @param  last       An input iterator.
   *  @param  result     An output iterator.
   *  @param  pred       A predicate.
   *  @param  new_value  The replacement value.
   *  @return   The end of the output sequence, @p result+(last-first).
   *
   *  Copies each element in the range @p [first,last) to the range
   *  @p [result,result+(last-first)) replacing elements for which
   *  @p pred returns true with @p new_value.
  */
  template<typename _InputIterator, typename _OutputIterator,
	   typename _Predicate, typename _Tp>
    _OutputIterator
    replace_copy_if(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
		    _OutputIterator __result,
		    _Predicate __pred, const _Tp& __new_value)
    {
      // concept requirements
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_InputIteratorConcept<_InputIterator>)
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_OutputIteratorConcept<_OutputIterator,
	    typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::value_type>)
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_UnaryPredicateConcept<_Predicate,
	    typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::value_type>)
      __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__first, __last);

      for ( ; __first != __last; ++__first, ++__result)
	if (__pred(*__first))
	  *__result = __new_value;
	else
	  *__result = *__first;
      return __result;
    }

  /**
   *  @brief Assign the result of a function object to each value in a
   *         sequence.
   *  @param  first  A forward iterator.
   *  @param  last   A forward iterator.
   *  @param  gen    A function object taking no arguments.
   *  @return   generate() returns no value.
   *
   *  Performs the assignment @c *i = @p gen() for each @c i in the range
   *  @p [first,last).
  */
  template<typename _ForwardIterator, typename _Generator>
    void
    generate(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last,
	     _Generator __gen)
    {
      // concept requirements
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_ForwardIteratorConcept<_ForwardIterator>)
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_GeneratorConcept<_Generator,
	    typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type>)
      __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__first, __last);

      for ( ; __first != __last; ++__first)
	*__first = __gen();
    }

  /**
   *  @brief Assign the result of a function object to each value in a
   *         sequence.
   *  @param  first  A forward iterator.
   *  @param  n      The length of the sequence.
   *  @param  gen    A function object taking no arguments.
   *  @return   The end of the sequence, @p first+n
   *
   *  Performs the assignment @c *i = @p gen() for each @c i in the range
   *  @p [first,first+n).
  */
  template<typename _OutputIterator, typename _Size, typename _Generator>
    _OutputIterator
    generate_n(_OutputIterator __first, _Size __n, _Generator __gen)
    {
      // concept requirements
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_OutputIteratorConcept<_OutputIterator,
            // "the type returned by a _Generator"
            __typeof__(__gen())>)

      for ( ; __n > 0; --__n, ++__first)
	*__first = __gen();
      return __first;
    }

  /**
   *  @brief Copy a sequence, removing elements of a given value.
   *  @param  first   An input iterator.
   *  @param  last    An input iterator.
   *  @param  result  An output iterator.
   *  @param  value   The value to be removed.
   *  @return   An iterator designating the end of the resulting sequence.
   *
   *  Copies each element in the range @p [first,last) not equal to @p value
   *  to the range beginning at @p result.
   *  remove_copy() is stable, so the relative order of elements that are
   *  copied is unchanged.
  */
  template<typename _InputIterator, typename _OutputIterator, typename _Tp>
    _OutputIterator
    remove_copy(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
		_OutputIterator __result, const _Tp& __value)
    {
      // concept requirements
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_InputIteratorConcept<_InputIterator>)