rope

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      _S_concat_and_set_balanced(_RopeRep* __left, _RopeRep* __right)
      {
	_RopeRep* __result = _S_concat(__left, __right);
	if (_S_is_balanced(__result))
	  __result->_M_is_balanced = true;
	return __result;
      }

      // The basic rebalancing operation.  Logically copies the
      // rope.  The result has refcount of 1.  The client will
      // usually decrement the reference count of __r.
      // The result is within height 2 of balanced by the above
      // definition.
      static _RopeRep* _S_balance(_RopeRep* __r);

      // Add all unbalanced subtrees to the forest of balanceed trees.
      // Used only by balance.
      static void _S_add_to_forest(_RopeRep*__r, _RopeRep** __forest);

      // Add __r to forest, assuming __r is already balanced.
      static void _S_add_leaf_to_forest(_RopeRep* __r, _RopeRep** __forest);
      
      // Print to stdout, exposing structure
      static void _S_dump(_RopeRep* __r, int __indent = 0);
      
      // Return -1, 0, or 1 if __x < __y, __x == __y, or __x > __y resp.
      static int _S_compare(const _RopeRep* __x, const _RopeRep* __y);
      
    public:
      bool
      empty() const
      { return 0 == this->_M_tree_ptr; }
      
      // Comparison member function.  This is public only for those
      // clients that need a ternary comparison.  Others
      // should use the comparison operators below.
      int
      compare(const rope& __y) const
      { return _S_compare(this->_M_tree_ptr, __y._M_tree_ptr); }

      rope(const _CharT* __s, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
      : _Base(__STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, _S_char_ptr_len(__s),
					       __a), __a)
      { }

      rope(const _CharT* __s, size_t __len,
	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
      : _Base(__STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __len, __a), __a)
      { }

      // Should perhaps be templatized with respect to the iterator type
      // and use Sequence_buffer.  (It should perhaps use sequence_buffer
      // even now.)
      rope(const _CharT *__s, const _CharT *__e,
	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
      : _Base(__STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __e - __s, __a), __a)
      { }

      rope(const const_iterator& __s, const const_iterator& __e,
	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
      : _Base(_S_substring(__s._M_root, __s._M_current_pos,
			   __e._M_current_pos), __a)
      { }

      rope(const iterator& __s, const iterator& __e,
	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
      : _Base(_S_substring(__s._M_root, __s._M_current_pos,
			   __e._M_current_pos), __a)
      { }

      rope(_CharT __c, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
      : _Base(__a)
      {
	_CharT* __buf = this->_Data_allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(1));
	
	get_allocator().construct(__buf, __c);
	try
	  { this->_M_tree_ptr = _S_new_RopeLeaf(__buf, 1, __a); }
	catch(...)
	  {
	    _RopeRep::__STL_FREE_STRING(__buf, 1, __a);
	    __throw_exception_again;
	  }
      }

      rope(size_t __n, _CharT __c,
	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type());

      rope(const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
      : _Base(0, __a) {}

        // Construct a rope from a function that can compute its members
      rope(char_producer<_CharT> *__fn, size_t __len, bool __delete_fn,
	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
      : _Base(__a)
      {
	this->_M_tree_ptr = (0 == __len) ?
	  0 : _S_new_RopeFunction(__fn, __len, __delete_fn, __a);
      }

      rope(const rope& __x, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
      : _Base(__x._M_tree_ptr, __a)
      { _S_ref(this->_M_tree_ptr); }

      ~rope() throw()
      { _S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr); }

      rope&
      operator=(const rope& __x)
      {
	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
	this->_M_tree_ptr = __x._M_tree_ptr;
	_S_ref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
	_S_unref(__old);
	return *this;
      }

      void
      clear()
      {
	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
	this->_M_tree_ptr = 0;
      }
      
      void
      push_back(_CharT __x)
      {
	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
	this->_M_tree_ptr
	  = _S_destr_concat_char_iter(this->_M_tree_ptr, &__x, 1);
	_S_unref(__old);
      }

      void
      pop_back()
      {
	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
	this->_M_tree_ptr =
	  _S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
		       0, this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_size - 1);
	_S_unref(__old);
      }

      _CharT
      back() const
      { return _S_fetch(this->_M_tree_ptr, this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_size - 1); }

      void
      push_front(_CharT __x)
      {
	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
	_RopeRep* __left =
	  __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(&__x, 1, this->get_allocator());
	try
	  {
	    this->_M_tree_ptr = _S_concat(__left, this->_M_tree_ptr);
	    _S_unref(__old);
	    _S_unref(__left);
	  }
	catch(...)
	  {
	    _S_unref(__left);
	    __throw_exception_again;
	  }
      }

      void
      pop_front()
      {
	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
	this->_M_tree_ptr
	  = _S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr, 1, this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_size);
	_S_unref(__old);
      }

      _CharT
      front() const
      { return _S_fetch(this->_M_tree_ptr, 0); }

      void
      balance()
      {
	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
	this->_M_tree_ptr = _S_balance(this->_M_tree_ptr);
	_S_unref(__old);
      }
      
      void
      copy(_CharT* __buffer) const
      {
	_Destroy(__buffer, __buffer + size(), get_allocator());
	_S_flatten(this->_M_tree_ptr, __buffer);
      }

      // This is the copy function from the standard, but
      // with the arguments reordered to make it consistent with the
      // rest of the interface.
      // Note that this guaranteed not to compile if the draft standard
      // order is assumed.
      size_type
      copy(size_type __pos, size_type __n, _CharT* __buffer) const
      {
	size_t __size = size();
	size_t __len = (__pos + __n > __size? __size - __pos : __n);
	
	_Destroy(__buffer, __buffer + __len, get_allocator());
	_S_flatten(this->_M_tree_ptr, __pos, __len, __buffer);
	return __len;
      }

      // Print to stdout, exposing structure.  May be useful for
      // performance debugging.
      void
      dump()
      { _S_dump(this->_M_tree_ptr); }
      
      // Convert to 0 terminated string in new allocated memory.
      // Embedded 0s in the input do not terminate the copy.
      const _CharT* c_str() const;

      // As above, but lso use the flattened representation as the
      // the new rope representation.
      const _CharT* replace_with_c_str();
      
      // Reclaim memory for the c_str generated flattened string.
      // Intentionally undocumented, since it's hard to say when this
      // is safe for multiple threads.
      void
      delete_c_str ()
      {
	if (0 == this->_M_tree_ptr)
	  return;
	if (_Rope_constants::_S_leaf == this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_tag &&
	    ((_RopeLeaf*)this->_M_tree_ptr)->_M_data ==
	    this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string)
	  {
	    // Representation shared
	    return;
	  }
#ifndef __GC
	this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_free_c_string();
#endif
	this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string = 0;
      }

      _CharT
      operator[] (size_type __pos) const
      { return _S_fetch(this->_M_tree_ptr, __pos); }

      _CharT
      at(size_type __pos) const
      {
	// if (__pos >= size()) throw out_of_range;  // XXX
	return (*this)[__pos];
      }

      const_iterator
      begin() const
      { return(const_iterator(this->_M_tree_ptr, 0)); }

      // An easy way to get a const iterator from a non-const container.
      const_iterator
      const_begin() const
      { return(const_iterator(this->_M_tree_ptr, 0)); }

      const_iterator
      end() const
      { return(const_iterator(this->_M_tree_ptr, size())); }

      const_iterator
      const_end() const
      { return(const_iterator(this->_M_tree_ptr, size())); }

      size_type
      size() const
      {	return(0 == this->_M_tree_ptr? 0 : this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_size); }
      
      size_type
      length() const
      {	return size(); }

      size_type
      max_size() const
      {
	return _S_min_len[int(_Rope_constants::_S_max_rope_depth) - 1] - 1;
	//  Guarantees that the result can be sufficirntly
	//  balanced.  Longer ropes will probably still work,
	//  but it's harder to make guarantees.
      }

      typedef reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;

      const_reverse_iterator
      rbegin() const
      { return const_reverse_iterator(end()); }

      const_reverse_iterator
      const_rbegin() const
      {	return const_reverse_iterator(end()); }

      const_reverse_iterator
      rend() const
      { return const_reverse_iterator(begin()); }
      
      const_reverse_iterator
      const_rend() const
      {	return const_reverse_iterator(begin()); }

      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
        friend rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
        operator+(const rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __left,
		  const rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __right);

      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
        friend rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
        operator+(const rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __left, const _CharT2* __right);

      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
        friend rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
        operator+(const rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __left, _CharT2 __right);
        // The symmetric cases are intentionally omitted, since they're presumed
        // to be less common, and we don't handle them as well.

        // The following should really be templatized.
        // The first argument should be an input iterator or
        // forward iterator with value_type _CharT.
      rope&
      append(const _CharT* __iter, size_t __n)
      {
	_RopeRep* __result =
	  _S_destr_concat_char_iter(this->_M_tree_ptr, __iter, __n);
	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
	return *this;
      }

      rope&
      append(const _CharT* __c_string)
      {
	size_t __len = _S_char_ptr_len(__c_string);
	append(__c_string, __len);
	return(*this);
      }

      rope&
      append(const _CharT* __s, const _CharT* __e)
      {
	_RopeRep* __result =
	  _S_destr_concat_char_iter(this->_M_tree_ptr, __s, __e - __s);
	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
	return *this;
      }

      rope&
      append(const_iterator __s, const_iterator __e)
      {
	_Self_destruct_ptr __appendee(_S_substring(__s._M_root,
						   __s._M_current_pos,
						   __e._M_current_pos));
	_RopeRep* __result =
	  _S_concat(this->_M_tree_ptr, (_RopeRep*)__appendee);
	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
	return *this;
      }

      rope&
      append(_CharT __c)
      {
	_RopeRep* __result =
	  _S_destr_concat_char_iter(this->_M_tree_ptr, &__c, 1);
	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
	return *this;
      }

      rope&
      append()
      { return append(_CharT()); }  // XXX why?

      rope&
      append(const rope& __y)
      {
	_RopeRep* __result = _S_concat(this->_M_tree_ptr, __y._M_tree_ptr);
	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
	return *this;
      }

      rope&
      append(size_t __n, _CharT __c)
      {
	rope<_CharT,_Alloc> __last(__n, __c);
	return append(__last);
      }

      void
      swap(rope& __b)
      {
	_RopeRep* __tmp = this->_M_tree_ptr;
	this->_M_tree_ptr = __b._M_tree_ptr;
	__b._M_tree_ptr = __tmp;
      }

    protected:
      // Result is included in refcount.
      static _RopeRep*
      replace(_RopeRep* __old, size_t __pos1,
	      size_t __pos2, _RopeRep* __r)
      {
	if (0 == __old)
	  {
	    _S_ref(__r);
	    return __r;
	  }
	_Self_destruct_ptr __left(_S_substring(__old, 0, __pos1));
	_Self_destruct_ptr __right(_S_substring(__old, __pos2, __old->_M_size));
	_RopeRep* __result;

	if (0 == __r)
	  __result = _S_concat(__left, __right);
	else
	  {
	    _Self_destruct_ptr __left_result(_S_concat(__left, __r));
	    __result = _S_concat(__left_result, __righ