faq

linux下查看系统工具原码,如IOSTAT等

This is sysstat's Frequently Asked Questions!
Be sure to read this carefully before asking for help...
If you don't find the solution to your problem here then send me an email
(please remember to include sysstat's version number, a sample output
showing the bug, and the contents of the /proc/stat file for your system.
Also tell me what version your kernel is).


1. GENERAL QUESTIONS

1.1. When I compile sysstat, it fails with the following message:
     "make: msgfmt: Command not found".
1.2. When I try to compile sysstat, it fails and says it cannot find some
     include files.
1.3. I don't understand why sysstat displays the time sometimes as HH:MM:SS
     and sometimes as HH:MM:SS AM/PM...
     
2. QUESTIONS RELATING TO SAR/SADC/SADF

2.1. The sar command complains with the following message:
     "Invalid system activity file: ...".
2.2. The sar command complains with the following message:
     "Cannot append data to that file".
2.3. The sar command complains with the following message:
     "Invalid data format".
2.4. I get the following error message when I try to run sar:
     "Cannot open /var/log/sa/sa30: No such file or directory".
2.5. Are sar daily data files fully compatible with Sun Solaris format
     sar files?
2.6. I have some trouble running sar on my SMP box. My server crashes
     with a kernel oops.
2.7. The "Average:" results from the sar command are just rubbish...
2.8. My database (e.g. MySQL) doesn't appear to understand the time zone
     displayed by 'sadf -d'...
2.9. I tried to use the -p option of the sadf command, together with the
     options -s and -e. Unfortunately, I have nothing displayed at all.
2.10. I cannot see all my disks when I use the sar -d command...
2.11. Do you know a tool which can graphically plot the data collected by sar?
2.12. When I launch sadc, I get the error message:
      "flock: Resource temporarily unavailable".
2.13. How should I run sysstat / sar so that I get a reading for 00:00:00?
2.14. The sar command complains with the following message:
      "Requested activities not available in file".
2.15. Does sar need a lot of resources to run?
2.16. Are the measurements gathered by sadc cumulative or instantaneous?
2.17. Some fields are always displayed as 0.00 when I use the sar -d
      command.

3. QUESTIONS RELATING TO IOSTAT

3.1. I can't see all my disks when I use the iostat command...
3.2. iostat -x doesn't report disk I/O statistics...
3.3. Why can't iostat display extended statistics for partitions with
     2.6.x kernels?
3.4. I don't understand the output of iostat. It doesn't match what I expect
     it to be...
3.5. Why values displayed by iostat are so different in the first report
     from those displayed in subsequent ones?
3.6. iostat -x displays huge numbers for some fields...


1. GENERAL QUESTIONS
####################

1.1. When I compile sysstat, it fails with the following message:
make: msgfmt: Command not found
make: ***[locales] Error 127

The msgfmt command belongs to the GNU gettext package.
If you don't have it on your system, just answer 'n' (for "no") at the
question
"Enable National Language Support (NLS)? [y]"
during config stage (make config), then compile sysstat as usual (make ;
make install).
Please read the README-nls file included in sysstat source package to learn
some more about National Language Support.

~~~

1.2. When I try to compile sysstat, it fails and says it cannot find some
include files:
In file included from /usr/include/bits/errno.h:25,
                 from /usr/include/errno.h:36,
                 from common.c:26:
/usr/include/linux/errno.h:4: asm/errno.h: No such file or directory
<SNIP>
common.c: In function `get_kb_shift':
common.c:180: `PAGE_SIZE' undeclared (first use in this function)
common.c:178: warning: `size' might be used uninitialized in this function
make: *** [common.o] Error 1

Make sure that you have the Linux kernel sources installed in
/usr/src/linux. Also make sure that the symbolic link exists in the
/usr/src/linux/include directory and points to the right architecture, e.g.:
# ll /usr/src/linux/include/asm
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            8 May  5 18:31 /usr/src/linux/include/asm -> asm-i386
In fact, only the Linux kernel headers should be necessary to be able
to compile sysstat.

~~~

1.3. I don't understand why sysstat displays the time sometimes as HH:MM:SS
and sometimes as HH:MM:SS AM/PM...

The time format used by sysstat tools depends on the locale of your system.
The locale is defined by several environment variables, among which the LANG
variable is perhaps the most widely used. See the following example:
$ export LANG=en_US
$ sar
Linux 2.4.9 (brooks.seringas.fr)        07/20/04

04:32:11 PM       LINUX RESTART

05:00:00 PM       CPU     %user     %nice   %system   %iowait     %idle
05:10:00 PM       all      0.24      0.00     89.64      0.00     10.12
Average:          all      0.24      0.00     89.64      0.00     10.12

$ export LANG=fr_FR
$ sar
Linux 2.4.9 (brooks.seringas.fr)        20.07.2004

16:32:11          LINUX RESTART

17:00:00          CPU     %user     %nice   %system   %iowait     %idle
17:10:00          all      0,24      0,00     89,64      0,00     10,12
Moyenne:          all      0,24      0,00     89,64      0,00     10,12

As you can notice, the time format but also the date, the decimal point, and
even some words (like "Average") have changed according to the specified
locale.


2. QUESTIONS RELATING TO SAR/SADC/SADF
######################################

2.1. The sar command complains with the following message:
Invalid system activity file: ...

The format of the daily data files created by the sar command you are
now using is not compatible with the format of the files created by a
previous version of sar.
The solution is easy: just log in as root and remove by hand all the files
located in the /var/log/sa directory:
# rm /var/log/sa/sa??

~~~

2.2. The sar command complains with the following message:
Cannot append data to that file

The internal structure of the data file does not allow sar to append
data to it. The data file may come from another machine, or the components
of the current box, such as the number of processors, may have changed.
Use another data file, or delete the current daily data file, and try again.

~~~

2.3. The sar command complains with the following message:
Invalid data format

This error message means that sadc (the system activity data collector that
sar is using) is not consistent with the sar command. In most cases this is
because the sar and sadc commands do not belong to the same release of the
sysstat package. Remember that sar may search for sadc in predefined
directories (/usr/local/lib/sa, /usr/lib/sa, ...) before looking in the
current directory!

~~~

2.4. I get the following error message when I try to run sar:
Cannot open /var/log/sa/sa30: No such file or directory

Please read the sar(1) manual page! Daily data files are created in the
/var/log/sa directory using the data collector (sadc) or using option
-o with sar. Once they are created, sar can display statistics saved
in those files.
But sar can also display statistics collected "on the fly": just enter
the proper option on the command line to indicate which statistics are
to be displayed, and also specify an <interval> and <count> number.
E.g.:
# sar 2 5  --> will report CPU utilization every two seconds, five times.
# sar -n DEV 3 0  --> will report network device utilization every
3 seconds, in an infinite loop.

~~~

2.5. Are sar daily data files fully compatible with Sun Solaris format
sar files?

No, the format of the binary data files created by sysstat's sar command
is not compatible with formats from other Unixes, because it contains
data which are closely linked to Linux.
For the same reason, sysstat cannot work on platforms other than Linux...

~~~

2.6. I have some trouble running sar on my SMP box. My server crashes
with a kernel oops:
Feb 17 04:05:00 bolums1 kernel: Unable to handle kernel paging request
at virtual address fffffc1c
Feb 17 04:05:00 bolums1 kernel: current->tss.cr3 = 19293000, %cr3 = 19293000
Feb 17 04:05:00 bolums1 kernel: *pde = 0026b067
Feb 17 04:05:00 bolums1 kernel: *pte = 00000000
Feb 17 04:05:00 bolums1 kernel: Oops: 0000
Feb 17 04:05:00 bolums1 kernel: CPU:    0
Feb 17 04:05:00 bolums1 kernel: EIP:
<...>

The trouble you have is triggered by a *Linux* kernel bug, not a sysstat
one... The best solution is to upgrade your kernel to the latest stable
release.
Also, if you cannot upgrade your box, try to compile sysstat after
answering 'y' to the question:
"Linux SMP race in serial driver workaround?"
at the config stage (make config). Indeed, we found that 2.2.x kernels
(with x <= 15) have an SMP race condition, which the sar command
may trigger when it reads the /proc/tty/driver/serial file.

~~~

2.7. The "Average:" results from the sar command are just rubbish...
E.g.:
 11:00:00 AM       CPU     %user     %nice   %system     %idle
 11:10:00 AM       all      0.54      0.00      0.89     98.57
 11:20:01 AM       all      3.02      8.05     22.85     66.08
 11:30:01 AM       all      8.15      0.00      2.31     89.54
 11:40:01 AM       all      8.03      0.00      2.42     89.55
 11:50:01 AM       all     16.04      0.00      2.81     81.16
 12:00:00 PM       all     21.11      0.00      3.23     75.66
 03:40:01 PM       all    100.01    100.01    100.01      0.00
 04:40:00 PM       all    100.00      0.00    100.00      0.00
 04:50:00 PM       all      5.87      0.00      1.26     92.87
 05:00:00 PM       all      4.70      0.00      1.48     93.82
 05:10:00 PM       all      4.93      0.00      1.29     93.78
 Average:          all    100.22    100.20    100.13      0.00

Your sar command was not installed properly. Whenever your computer
is restarted (as it is the case here between 12:00:00 PM and 03:40:01 PM),
the 'sysstat' shell script must be called by the system, so that the
LINUX RESTART message can be inserted into the daily data file, indicating