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<p align="center"><strong><font color="#000000" size="6"> 5.7 微程序设计（简化控制器的设计） </font></strong></p>
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<h3><font color="#000000" size="4">定义：</font></h3>
<h3><font color="#000000" size="4">
微程序设计是指把控制设计成一个程序，用相对简单的微指令来实现对机器的控制</font></h3>
<h3><font color="#000000" size="4">基本概念：</font></h3>
<h4><font color="#000000" size="4">
1）微指令（MICROINSTRUCTION）
：由一组可以供操作的微指令操作字段构成</font></h4>
<h4><font color="#000000" size="4"> 2）微程序
：由一组微指令构成、</font></h4>
<h4><font color="#000000" size="4"> 3）控制存储器
：存放微程序的存储器（ PLA ,ROM )</font></h4>
<h4><font color="#000000" size="4"> 4）<a href="微指令格式.htm">微指令格式</a>
：由控制字段，地址字段构成</font></h4>
<h4><font color="#000000" size="4"> 5） 机器指令(Instruction)与微程序控制存储器的关系 </font></h4>
<p><font color="#000000" size="4">
<img border="0" src="Image/7-1.gif" width="301" height="309"></font> </p>
<p><b><font color="#000000" size="4">下面我们来具体看看微程序的设计：</font></b></p>
<table border="1" width="100%" bordercolordark="#CC9966" bordercolorlight="#FFCC66">
<tr>
<td width="11%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Label</font></b></td>
<td width="11%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">ALU control</font></b></td>
<td width="11%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">SRC1</font></b></td>
<td width="11%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">SRC2</font></b></td>
<td width="11%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">ALU destination</font></b></td>
<td width="11%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Memory</font></b></td>
<td width="11%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Memory register</font></b></td>
<td width="11%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">PCWrite control</font> </b></td>
<td width="12%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Sequencing</font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="11%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Fetch</font></b></td>
<td width="11%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Add</font></b></td>
<td width="11%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">PC</font></b></td>
<td width="11%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">4</font> </b></td>
<td width="11%" align="center"><font color="#000000" size="4"> </font></td>
<td width="11%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Read PC</font></b></td>
<td width="11%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">IR</font></b></td>
<td width="11%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">ALU</font></b></td>
<td width="12%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Seq</font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="11%" align="center"><font color="#000000" size="4"> </font></td>
<td width="11%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Add</font></b></td>
<td width="11%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">PC</font></b></td>
<td width="11%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Extshft</font></b></td>
<td width="11%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Target</font></b></td>
<td width="11%" align="center"><font color="#000000" size="4"> </font></td>
<td width="11%" align="center"> </td>
<td width="11%" align="center"> </td>
<td width="12%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Dispatch 1</font></b></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><b><font color="#000000" size="4">我们对这两条指令进行解释：</font></b></p>
<p><b><font color="#000000" size="4">指令1：</font></b></p>
<table border="1" width="100%" bordercolordark="#CC9966" bordercolorlight="#FFCC66">
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Field</font></b></td>
<td width="50%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Effect</font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">ALU control,SRC1,SRC2</font></b></td>
<td width="50%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Compute pc+4</font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Memory and memory register</font></b></td>
<td width="50%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Fetch instruction into IR</font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">PCWrite control</font></b></td>
<td width="50%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Cause the output of the ALU to be written into
the PC</font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Sequencing</font></b></td>
<td width="50%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Go to the next microinstruction</font></b></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><b><font color="#000000" size="4">指令2：</font></b></p>
<table border="1" width="100%" bordercolordark="#CC9966" bordercolorlight="#FFCC66">
<tr>
<td width="47%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Field</font></b></td>
<td width="53%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Effect</font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="47%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">ALU control,SRC1,SRC2,ALU destination</font></b></td>
<td width="53%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Store PC+sign-extension(IR[15-0])<<2
into Target</font> </b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="47%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Sequencing</font></b></td>
<td width="53%" align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Use dispatch table 1 to choose the next
microinstruction</font></b></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="left"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">我们来看看存储器的访问指令：</font></b></p>
<table border="1" width="100%" bordercolordark="#CC9966" bordercolorlight="#FFCC66">
<tr>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Label</font></b></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">ALU control</font></b></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">SRC1</font></b></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">SRC2</font></b></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">ALU destination</font></b></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Memory</font></b></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Memory register</font></b></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">PCWrite control</font></b></td>
<td width="12%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Sequencing</font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">LWSW1</font></b></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Add</font></b></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">rs</font></b></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Extend</font></b></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><font color="#000000" size="4"> </font></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"> </td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"> </td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"> </td>
<td width="12%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Dispatch 2</font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">LW2</font></b></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Add</font></b></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">rs</font></b></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Extend</font></b></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><font color="#000000" size="4"> </font></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Read ALU</font></b></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><font color="#000000" size="4"> </font></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"> </td>
<td width="12%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Seq</font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><font color="#000000" size="4"> </font></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Add</font></b></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">rs</font></b></td>
<td width="11%">
<p align="center"><b><font color="#000000" size="4">Extend</font></b></td>
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