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<div align="center" class="title">JAVA程序员必读:基础篇(4)对象和简单数据对象</div>
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<div align="center"><font color="#666666">编译:ZSC/太平洋网络学院</font></div>
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<div align="right" class="gray"><a href="mailto:tntst@pconline.com.cn">[责编:爆破手]</a></div>
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<p class="article"><b>对象和简单数据对象</b></p>
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<p class="article"><b>4.1.2.1 引用对象的变量</b></p>
<p class="article">下面是引用对象变量的基本形式,它是使用了有条件的名字即长名字:</p>
<p class="article">objectReference.variableName</p>
<p class="article"> 当实例变量处在作用域内的时候,你可以为实例变量使用一个简单的名字,也就是说,在对象类的代码中。处在对象类外面的代码必须使用有条件的名字。比如,在CreateObjectDemo类中的代码处在类Rectangle类代码的外面。所以为了引用Rectangle对象rect_one的origin、width和height变量,CreateObjectDemo必须相应使用rect_one.origin、rect_one.width和rect_one.height。这个程序使用了rect_one的width和height:
</p>
<p class="article">System.out.println("Width of rect_one: " + rect_one.width);</p>
<p class="article">System.out.println("Height of rect_one: " + rect_one.height);</p>
<p class="article"> 如果直接使用在CreateObjectDemo类中的变量width和height,那就将产生一个编译错误。在后面,程序还将使用类似的代码来显示关于rect_two的信息。相同类型的对象将有相同实例变量的副本。这样,每一个Rectangle对象就都有变量origin、width和height了。当你通过对象引用来访问实例变量的时候,你就引用了特定对象的变量。在CreateObjectDemo程序有两个对象rect_one和rect_two,它们有不同的origin、width和height变量:
</p>
<p class="article"> 对象的长文件名的第一部分是对象引用,它必须是一个对象的引用。这里你可以使用引用变量的名字,或者你可以使用任何的表达式来返回一个对象引用。重新调用这个new运算符可以返回一个对象的引用。这样你可以使用从new返回的数值来访问一个新的对象变量:
</p>
<p class="article">int height = new Rectangle().height;</p>
<p class="article"> 这个语句创建了一个新的Rectangle对象并且得到它的height(高度)。从本质上讲,这条语句计算了Rectangle缺省的高度。这里注意,在这条语句被执行后,程序不再有创建了的Rectangle的引用,因为程序不再在变量中存储这个引用。对象就被取消引用,而它的资源可以JAVA平台重新使用。</p>
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