llncs.tex

是一个将WORD文件转换成TXT文件的程序源代码

If you wish to start a new paragraph immediately after a displayed

\noindent
equation, insert a blank line so as to produce the required

\noindent
indentation. If there is no new paragraph either do not insert

\noindent
a blank line or code $\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $noindent$\vert $ 
immediately before

\noindent
continuing the text.





Please punctuate a displayed equation in the same way as other

\noindent
ordinary text but with an $\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash 
$enspace$\vert $ before end punctuation.





Note that the sizes of the parentheses or other delimiter

\noindent
symbols used in equations should ideally match the height of the

\noindent
formulas being enclosed. This is automatically taken care of by

\noindent
the following $\backslash $LaTeX{\{}{\}} commands:$\backslash \backslash 
$[2mm]

$\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $left($\vert $ or $\backslash $verb$\vert 
\backslash $left[$\vert $ and

$\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $right)$\vert $ or $\backslash 
$verb$\vert \backslash $right]$\vert $.

{\%}

$\backslash $subsection{\{}Italic and Roman Type in Math Mode{\}}

{\%}

$\backslash $begin{\{}alpherate{\}}

$\backslash $item

In math mode $\backslash $LaTeX{\{}{\}} treats all letters as though they

\noindent
were mathematical or physical variables, hence they are typeset as

\noindent
characters of their own in

\noindent
italics. However, for certain components of formulas, like short texts,

\noindent
this would be incorrect and therefore coding in roman is required.

Roman should also be used for

\noindent
subscripts and superscripts {\{}$\backslash $em in formulas$\backslash 
$/{\}} where these are

\noindent
merely labels and not in themselves variables,

\noindent
e.g. {\$}T{\_}{\{}$\backslash $mathrm{\{}eff{\}}{\}}{\$} $\backslash 
$emph{\{}not{\}} {\$}T{\_}{\{}eff{\}}{\$},

{\$}T{\_}{\{}$\backslash $mathrm K{\}}{\$} $\backslash $emph{\{}not{\}} 
{\$}T{\_}K{\$} (K = Kelvin),

{\$}m{\_}{\{}$\backslash $mathrm e{\}}{\$} $\backslash $emph{\{}not{\}} 
{\$}m{\_}e{\$} (e = electron).

However, do not code for roman

\noindent
if the sub/superscripts represent variables,

\noindent
e.g.$\backslash $ {\$}$\backslash $sum{\_}{\{}i=1{\}}\ {\{}n{\}} 
a{\_}{\{}i{\}}{\$}.

$\backslash $item

Please ensure that {\{}$\backslash $em physical units$\backslash $/{\}} 
(e.g.$\backslash $ pc, erg s{\$}\ {\{}-1{\}}{\$}

K, cm{\$}\ {\{}-3{\}}{\$}, W m{\$}\ {\{}-2{\}}{\$} 
Hz{\$}\ {\{}-1{\}}{\$}, m kg s{\$}\ {\{}-2{\}}{\$} 
A{\$}\ {\{}-2{\}}{\$}) and

{\{}$\backslash $em abbreviations$\backslash $/{\}} such as Ord, Var, GL, 
SL, sgn, const.$\backslash $

\noindent
are always set in roman type. To ensure

\noindent
this use the $\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $mathrm$\vert $ command: 
$\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $mathrm{\{}Hz{\}}$\vert $.

On p.$\backslash $ 44 of the {\{}$\backslash $em $\backslash $LaTeX{\{}{\}} 
User's Guide $\backslash ${\&} Reference

Manual$\backslash $/{\}} by Leslie Lamport you will find the names of

\noindent
common mathe$\backslash $-matical functions, such as log, sin, exp, max and 
sup.

These should be coded as $\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $log$\vert $,

$\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $sin$\vert $, $\backslash $verb$\vert 
\backslash $exp$\vert $, $\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $max$\vert 
$, $\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $sup$\vert $

\noindent
and will appear in roman automatically.

$\backslash $item

Chemical symbols and formulas should be coded for roman,

\noindent
e.g.$\backslash $ Fe not {\$}Fe{\$}, H{\$}{\_}2{\$}O not {\{}$\backslash $em 
H{\$}{\_}2{\$}O{\}}.

$\backslash $item

Familiar foreign words and phrases, e.g.$\backslash $ et al.,

\noindent
a priori, in situ, brems$\backslash $-strah$\backslash $-lung, eigenvalues 
should not be

\noindent
italicized.

$\backslash $end{\{}alpherate{\}}

{\%}

$\backslash $section{\{}How to Edit Your Input (Source) File{\}}

$\backslash $label{\{}refedit{\}}

{\%}

$\backslash $subsection{\{}Headings{\}}$\backslash $label{\{}headings{\}}

{\%}

All words in headings should be capitalized except for conjunctions,

\noindent
prepositions (e.g.$\backslash $ on, of, by, and, or, but, from, with, 
without,

\noindent
under) and definite and indefinite articles (the, a, an) unless they

\noindent
appear at the beginning. Formula letters must be typeset as in the text.

{\%}

$\backslash $subsection{\{}Capitalization and Non-capitalization{\}}

{\%}

$\backslash $begin{\{}alpherate{\}}

$\backslash $item

The following should always be capitalized:

$\backslash $begin{\{}itemize{\}}

$\backslash $item

Headings (see preceding Sect.$\backslash $,$\backslash $ref{\{}headings{\}})

$\backslash $item

Abbreviations and expressions

\noindent
in the text such as Fig(s)., Table(s), Sect(s)., Chap(s).,

Theorem, Corollary, Definition etc. when used with numbers, e.g.$\backslash 
$

Fig.$\backslash $,3, Table$\backslash $,1, Theorem 2.

$\backslash $end{\{}itemize{\}}

Please follow the special rules in Sect.$\backslash $,$\backslash 
$ref{\{}abbrev{\}} for referring to

\noindent
equations.

$\backslash $item

The following should {\{}$\backslash $em not$\backslash $/{\}} be 
capitalized:

$\backslash $begin{\{}itemize{\}}

$\backslash $item

The words figure(s), table(s), equation(s), theorem(s) in the text when

\noindent
used without an accompanying number.

$\backslash $item

Figure legends and table captions except for names and abbreviations.

$\backslash $end{\{}itemize{\}}

$\backslash $end{\{}alpherate{\}}

{\%}

$\backslash $subsection{\{}Abbreviation of Words{\}}$\backslash 
$label{\{}abbrev{\}}

{\%}

$\backslash $begin{\{}alpherate{\}}

$\backslash $item

The following {\{}$\backslash $em should{\}} be abbreviated when they appear 
in running

\noindent
text {\{}$\backslash $em unless$\backslash $/{\}} they come at the beginning 
of a sentence: Chap.,

Sect., Fig.; e.g.$\backslash $ The results are depicted in Fig.$\backslash 
$,5. Figure 9 reveals

\noindent
that $\backslash $dots .$\backslash \backslash $

{\{}$\backslash $em Please note$\backslash $/{\}}: Equations should usually 
be referred to solely by

\noindent
their number in parentheses: e.g.$\backslash $ (14). However, when the 
reference

\noindent
comes at the beginning of a sentence, the unabbreviated word

``Equation'' should be used: e.g.$\backslash $ Equation (14) is very 
important.

However, (15) makes it clear that $\backslash $dots .

$\backslash $item

If abbreviations of names or concepts are used

\noindent
throughout the text, they should be defined at first occurrence,

\noindent
e.g.$\backslash $ Plurisubharmonic (PSH) Functions, Strong Optimization 
(SOPT)

Problem.

$\backslash $end{\{}alpherate{\}}

{\%}

$\backslash $section{\{}How to Code the Beginning of Your Contribution{\}}

$\backslash $label{\{}contbegin{\}}

{\%}

The title of a single contribution (it is mandatory) should be coded as

\noindent
follows:

$\backslash $begin{\{}verbatim{\}}

$\backslash $title{\{}<Your contribution title>{\}}

$\backslash $end{\{}verbatim{\}}

All words in titles should be capitalized except for conjunctions,

\noindent
prepositions (e.g.$\backslash $ on, of, by, and, or, but, from, with, 
without,

\noindent
under) and definite and indefinite articles (the, a, an) unless they

\noindent
appear at the beginning. Formula letters must be typeset as in the text.

Titles have no end punctuation.



If a long $\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $title$\vert $ must be 
divided please use the code $\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash 
\backslash \vert $

(for new line).





If you are to produce running heads for a specific volume the standard

(of no such running heads) is overwritten with the $\backslash $verb$\vert 
$[runningheads]$\vert $

\noindent
option in the $\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $documentclass$\vert $ 
line. For long titles that do not

\noindent
fit in the single line of the running head a warning is generated.

You can specify an abbreviated title for the running head on odd pages

\noindent
with the command

$\backslash $begin{\{}verbatim{\}}

$\backslash $titlerunning{\{}<Your abbreviated contribution title>{\}}

$\backslash $end{\{}verbatim{\}}



There is also a possibility to change the text of the title that goes

\noindent
into the table of contents (that's for volume editors only -- there is

\noindent
no table of contents for a single contribution). For this use the

\noindent
command

$\backslash $begin{\{}verbatim{\}}

$\backslash $toctitle{\{}<Your changed title for the table of contents>{\}}

$\backslash $end{\{}verbatim{\}}



An optional subtitle may follow then:

$\backslash $begin{\{}verbatim{\}}

$\backslash $subtitle{\{}<subtitle of your contribution>{\}}

$\backslash $end{\{}verbatim{\}}



Now the name(s) of the author(s) must be given:

$\backslash $begin{\{}verbatim{\}}

$\backslash $author{\{}<author(s) name(s)>{\}}

$\backslash $end{\{}verbatim{\}}

Numbers referring to different addresses or affiliations are

\noindent
to be attached to each author with the $\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash 
$inst{\{}<no>{\}}$\vert $ command.

If there is more than one author, the order is up to you;

\noindent
the $\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $and$\vert $ command provides for 
the separation.



If you have done this correctly, this entry now reads, for example:

$\backslash $begin{\{}verbatim{\}}

$\backslash $author{\{}Ivar Ekeland$\backslash $inst{\{}1{\}} $\backslash $and 
Roger Temam$\backslash $inst{\{}2{\}}{\}}

$\backslash $end{\{}verbatim{\}}

The first name$\backslash $footnote{\{}Other initials are optional

\noindent
and may be inserted if this is the usual

\noindent
way of writing your name, e.g.$\backslash $ Alfred J.$\sim $Holmes, E.$\sim 
$Henry Green.{\}}

\noindent
is followed by the surname.



As for the title there exist two additional commands (again for volume

\noindent
editors only) for a different author list. One for the running head

(on odd pages) -- if there is any:

$\backslash $begin{\{}verbatim{\}}

$\backslash $authorrunning{\{}<abbreviated author list>{\}}

$\backslash $end{\{}verbatim{\}}

And one for the table of contents where the

\noindent
affiliation of each author is simply added in braces.

$\backslash $begin{\{}verbatim{\}}

$\backslash $tocauthor{\{}<enhanced author list for the table of contents>{\}}

$\backslash $end{\{}verbatim{\}}



Next the address(es) of institute(s), company etc. is (are) required.

If there is more than one address, the entries are numbered

\noindent
automatically with $\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $and$\vert $, in the 
order in which you type them.

Please make sure that the numbers match those placed next to

\noindent
to the authors' names to reflect the affiliation.

$\backslash $begin{\{}verbatim{\}}

$\backslash $institute{\{}<name of an institute>

$\backslash $and <name of the next institute>

$\backslash $and <name of the next institute>{\}}

$\backslash $end{\{}verbatim{\}}



In addition, you can use

$\backslash $begin{\{}verbatim{\}}

$\backslash $email{\{}<email address>{\}}

$\backslash $end{\{}verbatim{\}}

\noindent
to provide your email address within $\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash 
$institute$\vert $. If you need to

\noindent
typeset the tilde character -- e.g. for your web page in your unix

\noindent
system's home directory -- the $\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash 
$homedir$\vert $ command will happily do

\noindent
this.



$\backslash $medskip

If footnote like things are needed anywhere in the contribution heading

\noindent
please code

(immediately after the word where the footnote indicator should be

\noindent
placed):

$\backslash $begin{\{}verbatim{\}}

$\backslash $thanks{\{}<text>{\}}

$\backslash $end{\{}verbatim{\}}

$\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $thanks$\vert $ may only appear in 
$\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $title$\vert $, $\backslash $verb$\vert 
\backslash $author$\vert $

\noindent
and $\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $institute$\vert $ to footnote 
anything. If there are two or more

\noindent
footnotes or affiliation marks to a specific item separate them with

$\backslash $verb$\vert \backslash $fnmsep$\vert $ (i.e. {\{}$\backslash 
$itshape f{\}}oot$\backslash $emph note $\backslash $emph mark

$\backslash $emph{\{}sep{\}}arator).



$\backslash $medskip$\backslash $noindent

The command