run

gdb-6.0 linux 下的调试工具

		$ cd .../scratch
		$ gunzip < newlib-1.7.0.tar.gz | tar xf -

		New lib-1.7.0 had a few minor bugs (fixed in current):
		the header files float.h and ppc-asm.h were missing;
		the configure and Makefile's for the rs6000 (ppc) directory
		contained typos:

		$ cd .../scratch
		$ cd newlib-1.7.0
		$ gunzip < ../newlib-1.7.0+float+ppc-asm.tar.gz | tar xvf -
		$ gunzip < ../newlib-1.7.0+ppc-fix.diff.gz | patch -p1
		
		Finally copy the include files to where GCC will see them:

		$ cd .../scratch
		$ cd newlib-1.7.0/newlib/libc
		$ tar cf - include | \
                   ( cd /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi && tar xf - )


	o	Unpack/build gcc

		$ cd .../scratch
		$ gunzip < gcc-2.7.2,tar.gz | tar xf -
		$ cd gcc-2.7.2
		$ ./configure --target=powerpc-unknown-eabi \
                              --prefix=/applications/psim
		$ make
		$ make install
		$ cd ..
		$ rm -rf gcc-2.7.2

		Gcc likes to install its own dummy version of float that
		just returns an error.

		$ more /applications/psim/lib/gcc-lib/powerpc-unknown-eabi/2.7.2/include/float.h
		$ rm /applications/psim/lib/gcc-lib/powerpc-unknown-eabi/2.7.2/include/float.h


	o	Finish building/installing newlib

		$ cd .../scratch
		$ cd newlib-1.7.0
		$ ./configure --target=powerpc-unknown-eabi \
                              --prefix=/applications/psim

		Your path will need to include the recently installed
		gas/gcc when building.  Either add it to your path or
		use:

		$ PATH=/applications/psim/bin:$PATH make
		$ PATH=/applications/psim/bin:$PATH make install


	o	Finally, test out the build

		$ cat hello.c
		main()
		{
		  printf("hello world\n");
		}

		The binary is linked with an entry point less than 0x100000
		(1mb) so that psim will recognize the binary as needing
		the BUG/OEA instead of the BSD/UEA runtime environment.

		$ powerpc-unknown-eabi-gcc -v -o hello \
                    -Wl,-Ttext,0x4000,-Tdata,0x10000 \
                    /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/lib/mvme-crt0.o \
                    hello.c \
                    -lc -lmvme
		$ powerpc-unknown-eabi-objdump -h hello
		$ powerpc-unknown-eabi-run hello

		It is also possible to force psim to use a specific
		run-time environment using the -e option vis:

		$ powerpc-unknown-eabi-run -e bug hello




    ----------------------------------------------------------------------


BUILDING A BSD/UEA DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT


Background:


For a UEA to be useful it needs a supporting run-time environment.
PSIM implements a runtime environment based on the NetBSD system call
interface.

More than any thing, this user level emulation was the first
implemented because I happened to have the NetBSD source code lying
around.


Preparation:


This requires the NetBSD-1.1 source tree online.  It can either be
obtained vi ftp:

	try http://www.netbsd.org  or  ftp://ftp.netbsd.org

Alternatively obtain one of the NetBSD cdrom's.  Patches to this source
tree that fill out much of the PowerPC code are available in:

	ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/clayton

Fetch everything in that directory - diffs, tar archives and scripts.
In addition patches to the bintuils and gcc are in:

	ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/binutils-2.6+note.diff.gz
	ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/gcc-2.7.2+sys-types.diff.gz

while the compiler (gcc) and assember (binutils) can be found at your
favorite gnu ftp site.  I used versions:

	gcc-2.7.2.tar.gz
	binutils-2.6.tar.gz




Method:


These notes are based on an installation performed on a Solaris2/x86
host.  For other hosts and other configurations, the below should be
considered as a guideline only.


	o	Sanity check

		I assume that you have already obtained the NetBSD-1.1 source
		code and unpacked it into the directory bsd-src.  While the
		full NetBSD source tree may not be needed, things are easier
		if it is all online.

		$ cd .../scratch
		$ ls -1
		binutils-2.6.tar.gz
		binutils-2.6+note.diff.gz
		clayton-include-960203.diff.gz
		clayton-lib-960203.diff.gz
		clayton-lib-960203.tar.gz
		clayton-sys-960203.diff.gz
		clayton-sys-960203.tar.gz
		clayton.chown.sh
		clayton.install.sh
		clayton.lorder.sh
		clayton.make.sh
		gcc-2.7.2.tar.gz
		gcc-2.7.2+sys-types.diff.gz
		make.tar.gz
		make.diff.gz


	o	Prepare the destination directory ready for installation.

		Firstly create many of the needed directories (some are
		created automatically later):

		$ for d in \
                    /applications/psim \
                    /applications/psim/bsd-root \
                    /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr \
                    /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/share \
                    /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/share/doc \
                    /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/share/doc/psd \
                    /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/share/doc/psd/19.curses \
                    /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/include \
                    /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/lib \
                    /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi \
                    /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/bin \
                    ; \
                  do test -d $d || mkdir $d ; done

		Next, link the BSD and GNU include directories together.
		GCC expects include files to be in one location while the
		bsd install expects them in a second.  The link is in
		the direction below because bsd's install also insists on
		a directory (not a link) for its install destination.

		$ rm -rf /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/include
		$ ln -s /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/include \
                    /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/include

		$ ls -l /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/include
		lrwxr-xr-x  1 cagney  wheel  39 Mar 21 18:09
		/applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/include
		-> /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/include


	o	Build/install Berkeley make

		The tar archive make.tar.gz contains a recent snapshot
		of bmake from the NetBSD source tree.  The notes below
		describe how to build/install it.  If you have access
		to an even more recent version of bmake, use that.

		Unpack the source code:

		$ cd .../scratch
		$ gunzip < make.tar.gz | tar xf -
		$ cd make

		Apply the patch in make.diff.gz that fixes a minor
		problem with a build under Solaris (by now it should
		be fixed in the NetBSD-current source tree).

		$ gunzip < ../make.diff.gz | more
		$ gunzip < ../make.diff.gz | patch

		Build it

		$ make -f Makefile.boot 'CC=gcc -g -DPOSIX'

		With bmake built, install it into the target specific bin
		directory:

		$ cp bmake /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/bin/make
		$ cd ..
		$ rm -rf make


	o	Set up a number of wrapper scripts for bmake so that it works.

		In addition to needing BSD make the build process assumes
		a number of BSD specific commands.  To get around this
		several wrapper scripts are available.

		powerpc-unknown-eabi-make (clayton.make.sh)

			Front end to Berkeley make setting it up for a
			cross compilation

			$ cp clayton.make.sh \
                          /applications/psim/bin/powerpc-unknown-eabi-make
			$ chmod a+x \
                          /applications/psim/bin/powerpc-unknown-eabi-make

		chown (clayton.chown.sh)

			Wrapper that does not do any thing.
			Avoids the need to be root when installing.

			$ cp clayton.chown.sh \
                          /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/bin/chown
			$ chmod a+x \
                          /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/bin/chown

		install (clayton.install.sh)

			Wrapper to strip away a number of bsd specific install
			arguments.

			$ cp clayton.install.sh \
                          /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/bin/install
			$ chmod a+x \
                          /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/bin/install

		lorder (clayton.lorder.sh)

			Tweaked lorder script that will use nm etc from
			binutils.

			$ cp clayton.lorder.sh \
                          /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/bin/lorder
			$ chmod a+x \
                          /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/bin/lorder


		printf (?)

			Some operating systems don't include the program
			printf.  If you host doesn't have one, then a
			good source is the gnu sh-utils version.

			Again, if that program is missing, then I suggest
			installing it onto the powerpc specific program
			directory:

			/applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/bin


	o	Unpack the bsd source code (if you haven't already)

		If you're short on disk space (like me) just unpack:

			sys, lib, share/mk, include, usr.sbin/config,
			usr.sbin/dbsym, gnu/lib/libg++/g++-include,
			usr.bin/lex

		Otherwize, assuming you have a CD-DRIVE:

		$ cd .../scratch
		$ mkdir bsd-src
		$ cd bsd-src
		$ for d in /cdrom/bsdisc_12_95_disc2/NetBSD-1.1/source/*11
                  do
                    echo $d
                    cat $d/*.?? | gunzip | tar xf -
                  done

		Flatten the directory structure a little.

		$ mv usr/src/* .
		$ rmdir usr/src usr
		$ cd ..


	o	Apply the clayton (PowerPC) patches to your constructed
		tree.

		$ cd .../scratch
		$ cd bsd-src
		
		Diffs are applied using something like:

		$ gunzip < ../clayton-include-960312.diff.gz | patch -p1
		$ gunzip < ../clayton-lib-960203.diff.gz | patch -p1
		$ gunzip < ../clayton-sys-960203.diff.gz | patch -p1

		The patch to sys/dev/pci/ncr.c.rej might fail.

		The tar archives have a different problem, you need
		to remove the `src' prefix.  I used

		$ ln -s . src
		$ gunzip < ../clayton-lib-960203.tar.gz | tar xvf -
		$ gunzip < ../clayton-sys-960203.tar.gz | tar xvf -

		So that src/xxx unpacked into ./xxx

		$ cd ..


	o	install Berkeley make's include (mk) files.

		$ cd .../scrath
		$ cd bsd-src/share
		$ tar cf - mk | ( cd /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/share \
                     && tar xvf - )
		$ cd ../..


	o	Install the include files

		$ cd .../scratch
		$ cd bsd-src/include
		$ powerpc-unknown-eabi-make install
		$ cd ../..
		

	o	Install a few other include files.

		As discussed above in the section on building libnew,
		the build process can have chicken/egg problems.  In the
		case of BSD's libc, it wants to use several include files
		(from the installed include directory) before they are
		installed.  Just copy them in as seen below:

		$ cd .../scratch
		$ cd bsd-src
		$ cp gnu/lib/libg++/g++-include/values.h \
                    /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/include
		$ cp lib/libcurses/curses.h \
                    /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/include
		$ cd ..


	o	Unpack/patch/build/install BINUTILS

		$ cd .../scratch
		$ gunzip < binutils-2.6.tar.gz | tar xf -

		gas (bfd) 2.6 didn't support the reading and writing of
		note sections.  The patch binutils-2.6+note.diff.gz
		adds support for this.  PowerPC/ELF boot files being loaded
		by OpenBoot ROM's should contain a PowerPC note section.

		$ cd .../scratch
		$ cd binutils-2.6/bfd
		$ gunzip < ../../binutils-2.6+note.diff.gz | more
		$ gunzip < ../../binutils-2.6+note.diff.gz | patch
		$ cd ../..

		Then continue with the build

		$ cd .../scratch
		$ cd binutils-2.6
		$ ./configure --target=powerpc-unknown-eabi \
                              --prefix=/applications/psim
		$ make
		$ make install
		$ cd ..
		$ rm -rf binutils-2.6

		This has the intended side effect of partially populating
		the psim directory tree which makes follow on steps easier.


	o	Unpack/patch/build/install GCC

		$ cd .../scratch
		$ gunzip < gcc-2.7.2.tar.gz | tar xf -
		$ cd gcc-2.7.2

		GCC-2.7.2 and the BSD include files have a conflicting type
		declaration.  The patch below gets around this problem
		(it may still be applicable to more recent versions of
		GCC):

		$ gunzip < ../gcc-2.7.2+sys-types.diff.gz | more
		$ gunzip < ../gcc-2.7.2+sys-types.diff.gz | patch

		If your version of GCC includes the file ginclude/ppc-asm.h
		then you should install that header file into the directory:
		/applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/include.  More
		recent versions of GCC expect this file to be installed:

		$ test -r ginclude/ppc-asm.h \
                  && cp ginclude/ppc-asm.h \
                     /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/include

		Other than that, assuming the include files installed
		okay, the rest should be fine ....

		$ ./configure --target=powerpc-unknown-eabi \
                              --prefix=/applications/psim
		$ make CC=gcc
		$ make CC=gcc install
		$ cd ..
		$ rm -rf gcc-2.7.2


	o	Build/install the Berkeley library:

		$ cd .../scratch
		$ cd bsd-src/lib
		$ powerpc-unknown-eabi-make
		$ powerpc-unknown-eabi-make install
		$ cd ../..

		If you encounter problems check the following (each
		discussed above):

			o	GCC and BSD have a common include
				directory

			o	all the missing include files installed

			o	all the wrapper programs installed


	o	Build/run a simple BSD program

		$ cd .../scratch
		$ cd bsd-src/usr.bin/printenv
		$ powerpc-unknown-eabi-make
		$ powerpc-unknown-eabi-run printenv
		.
		.
		.


    ----------------------------------------------------------------------