g77.texi

gcc-2.95.3 Linux下最常用的C编译器

\input texinfo  @c -*-texinfo-*-
@c %**start of header
@setfilename g77.info

@set last-update 1999-06-06
@set copyrights-g77 1995-1999

@include root.texi

@c This tells @include'd files that they're part of the overall G77 doc
@c set.  (They might be part of a higher-level doc set too.)
@set DOC-G77

@c @setfilename useg77.info
@c @setfilename portg77.info
@c To produce the full manual, use the "g77.info" setfilename, and
@c make sure the following do NOT begin with '@c' (and the @clear lines DO)
@set INTERNALS
@set USING
@c To produce a user-only manual, use the "useg77.info" setfilename, and
@c make sure the following does NOT begin with '@c':
@c @clear INTERNALS
@c To produce a porter-only manual, use the "portg77.info" setfilename,
@c and make sure the following does NOT begin with '@c':
@c @clear USING

@c 6/27/96 FSF DO wants smallbook fmt for 1st bound edition. (from gcc.texi)
@c @smallbook

@c i also commented out the finalout command, so if there *are* any
@c overfulls, you'll (hopefully) see the rectangle in the right hand
@c margin. -- burley 1999-03-13 (from mew's comment in gcc.texi).
@c @finalout

@ifset INTERNALS
@ifset USING
@settitle Using and Porting GNU Fortran
@end ifset
@end ifset
@c seems reasonable to assume at least one of INTERNALS or USING is set...
@ifclear INTERNALS
@settitle Using GNU Fortran
@end ifclear
@ifclear USING
@settitle Porting GNU Fortran
@end ifclear
@c then again, have some fun
@ifclear INTERNALS
@ifclear USING
@settitle Doing Squat with GNU Fortran
@end ifclear
@end ifclear

@syncodeindex fn cp
@syncodeindex vr cp
@c %**end of header

@c Cause even numbered pages to be printed on the left hand side of
@c the page and odd numbered pages to be printed on the right hand
@c side of the page.  Using this, you can print on both sides of a
@c sheet of paper and have the text on the same part of the sheet.

@c The text on right hand pages is pushed towards the right hand
@c margin and the text on left hand pages is pushed toward the left
@c hand margin.
@c (To provide the reverse effect, set bindingoffset to -0.75in.)

@c @tex
@c \global\bindingoffset=0.75in
@c \global\normaloffset =0.75in
@c @end tex

@ifinfo
@dircategory Programming
@direntry
* g77: (g77).                  The GNU Fortran compiler.
@end direntry
@ifset INTERNALS
@ifset USING
This file documents the use and the internals of the GNU Fortran (@code{g77})
compiler.
It corresponds to the @value{which-g77} version of @code{g77}.
@end ifset
@end ifset
@ifclear USING
This file documents the internals of the GNU Fortran (@code{g77}) compiler.
It corresponds to the @value{which-g77} version of @code{g77}.
@end ifclear
@ifclear INTERNALS
This file documents the use of the GNU Fortran (@code{g77}) compiler.
It corresponds to the @value{which-g77} version of @code{g77}.
@end ifclear

Published by the Free Software Foundation
59 Temple Place - Suite 330
Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA

Copyright (C) @value{copyrights-g77} Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
are preserved on all copies.

@ignore
Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the
results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).

@end ignore
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
sections entitled ``GNU General Public License,'' ``Funding for Free
Software,'' and ``Protect Your Freedom---Fight `Look And Feel'@w{}'' are
included exactly as in the original, and provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
except that the sections entitled ``GNU General Public License,''
``Funding for Free Software,'' and ``Protect Your Freedom---Fight `Look
And Feel'@w{}'', and this permission notice, may be included in
translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in the
original English.
@end ifinfo

Contributed by James Craig Burley (@email{@value{email-burley}}).
Inspired by a first pass at translating @file{g77-0.5.16/f/DOC} that
was contributed to Craig by David Ronis (@email{ronis@@onsager.chem.mcgill.ca}).

@setchapternewpage odd
@c @finalout
@titlepage
@ifset INTERNALS
@ifset USING
@center @titlefont{Using and Porting GNU Fortran}

@end ifset
@end ifset
@ifclear INTERNALS
@title Using GNU Fortran
@end ifclear
@ifclear USING
@title Porting GNU Fortran
@end ifclear
@sp 2
@center James Craig Burley
@sp 3
@center Last updated @value{last-update}
@sp 1
@center for version @value{version-g77}
@page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
Copyright @copyright{} @value{copyrights-g77} Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@sp 2
For the @value{which-g77} Version*
@sp 1
Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
59 Temple Place - Suite 330@*
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA@*
@c Last printed ??ber, 19??.@*
@c Printed copies are available for $? each.@*
@c ISBN ???
@sp 1
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
are preserved on all copies.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
sections entitled ``GNU General Public License,'' ``Funding for Free
Software,'' and ``Protect Your Freedom---Fight `Look And Feel'@w{}'' are
included exactly as in the original, and provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
except that the sections entitled ``GNU General Public License,''
``Funding for Free Software,'' and ``Protect Your Freedom---Fight `Look
And Feel'@w{}'', and this permission notice, may be included in
translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in the
original English.
@end titlepage
@page

@ifinfo

@node Top, Copying,, (DIR)
@top Introduction
@cindex Introduction

@ifset INTERNALS
@ifset USING
This manual documents how to run, install and port @code{g77},
as well as its new features and incompatibilities,
and how to report bugs.
It corresponds to the @value{which-g77} version of @code{g77}.
@end ifset
@end ifset

@ifclear INTERNALS
This manual documents how to run and install @code{g77},
as well as its new features and incompatibilities, and how to report
bugs.
It corresponds to the @value{which-g77} version of @code{g77}.
@end ifclear
@ifclear USING
This manual documents how to port @code{g77},
as well as its new features and incompatibilities,
and how to report bugs.
It corresponds to the @value{which-g77} version of @code{g77}.
@end ifclear

@end ifinfo

@ifset DEVELOPMENT
@emph{Warning:} This document is still under development,
and might not accurately reflect the @code{g77} code base
of which it is a part.
Efforts are made to keep it somewhat up-to-date,
but they are particularly concentrated
on any version of this information
that is distributed as part of a @emph{released} @code{g77}.

In particular, while this document is intended to apply to
the @value{which-g77} version of @code{g77},
only an official @emph{release} of that version
is expected to contain documentation that is
most consistent with the @code{g77} product in that version.
@end ifset

@menu
* Copying::         GNU General Public License says
                    how you can copy and share GNU Fortran.
* Contributors::    People who have contributed to GNU Fortran.
* Funding::         How to help assure continued work for free software.
* Funding GNU Fortran::  How to help assure continued work on GNU Fortran.
* Look and Feel::   Protect your freedom---fight ``look and feel''.
@ifset USING
* Getting Started:: Finding your way around this manual.
* What is GNU Fortran?::  How @code{g77} fits into the universe.
* G77 and GCC::     You can compile Fortran, C, or other programs.
* Invoking G77::    Command options supported by @code{g77}.
* News::            News about recent releases of @code{g77}.
* Changes::         User-visible changes to recent releases of @code{g77}.
* Language::        The GNU Fortran language.
* Compiler::        The GNU Fortran compiler.
* Other Dialects::  Dialects of Fortran supported by @code{g77}.
* Other Compilers:: Fortran compilers other than @code{g77}.
* Other Languages:: Languages other than Fortran.
* Installation::    How to configure, compile and install GNU Fortran.
* Debugging and Interfacing::  How @code{g77} generates code.
* Collected Fortran Wisdom::  How to avoid Trouble.
* Trouble::         If you have trouble with GNU Fortran.
* Open Questions::  Things we'd like to know.
* Bugs::            How, why, and where to report bugs.
* Service::         How to find suppliers of support for GNU Fortran.
@end ifset
@ifset INTERNALS
* Adding Options::  Guidance on teaching @code{g77} about new options.
* Projects::        Projects for @code{g77} internals hackers.
* Front End::       Design and implementation of the @code{g77} front end.
@end ifset

* M: Diagnostics.   Diagnostics produced by @code{g77}.

* Index::           Index of concepts and symbol names.
@end menu
@c yes, the "M: " @emph{is} intentional -- bad.def references it (CMPAMBIG)!

@node Copying
@unnumbered GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
@center Version 2, June 1991

@display
Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
@end display

@unnumberedsec Preamble

  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software---to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
your programs, too.

  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.

  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
rights.

  We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify the software.

  Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
authors' reputations.

  Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.