info-stnd.texi

gcc-2.95.3 Linux下最常用的C编译器

\input texinfo    @c -*-texinfo-*-
@comment %**start of header
@setfilename info-stnd.info
@settitle GNU Info
@set InfoProgVer 2.11
@paragraphindent none
@footnotestyle end
@synindex vr cp
@synindex fn cp
@synindex ky cp
@comment %**end of header
@comment $Id: info-stnd.texi,v 1.1.1.2 1998/03/24 18:20:36 law Exp $

@dircategory Texinfo documentation system
@direntry
* info program: (info-stnd).    Standalone Info-reading program.
@end direntry

@ifinfo
This file documents GNU Info, a program for viewing the on-line formatted
versions of Texinfo files.  This documentation is different from the
documentation for the Info reader that is part of GNU Emacs.  If you do
not know how to use Info, but have a working Info reader, you should
read that documentation first.

Copyright @copyright{} 1992, 93, 96, 97 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
preserved on all copies.

@ignore
Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
results, provided the printed document carries a copying permission
notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
@end ignore

Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
sections entitled ``Copying'' and ``GNU General Public License'' are
included exactly as in the original, and provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation
approved by the Free Software Foundation.
@end ifinfo

@titlepage
@title GNU Info User's Guide
@subtitle For GNU Info version @value{InfoProgVer}
@author Brian J. Fox (bfox@@ai.mit.edu)
@page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
Copyright @copyright{} 1992, 1993, 1997 Free Software Foundation

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
preserved on all copies.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
sections entitled ``Copying'' and ``GNU General Public License'' are
included exactly as in the original, and provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation
approved by the Free Software Foundation.
@end titlepage

@ifinfo
@node Top, What is Info, , (dir)
@top The GNU Info Program

This file documents GNU Info, a program for viewing the on-line
formatted versions of Texinfo files, version @value{InfoProgVer}.  This
documentation is different from the documentation for the Info reader
that is part of GNU Emacs.
@end ifinfo

@menu
* What is Info::                
* Options::                     Options you can pass on the command line.
* Cursor Commands::             Commands which move the cursor within a node.
* Scrolling Commands::          Commands for moving the node around 
                                  in a window.
* Node Commands::               Commands for selecting a new node.
* Searching Commands::          Commands for searching an Info file.
* Xref Commands::               Commands for selecting cross references.
* Window Commands::             Commands which manipulate multiple windows.
* Printing Nodes::              How to print out the contents of a node.
* Miscellaneous Commands::      A few commands that defy categories.
* Variables::                   How to change the default behavior of Info.
* GNU Info Global Index::       Global index containing keystrokes, 
                                  command names, variable names, 
                                  and general concepts.
@end menu

@node What is Info, Options, Top, Top
@chapter What is Info?

@iftex
This file documents GNU Info, a program for viewing the on-line formatted
versions of Texinfo files, version @value{InfoProgVer}.
@end iftex

@dfn{Info} is a program which is used to view Info files on an ASCII
terminal.  @dfn{Info files} are the result of processing Texinfo files
with the program @code{makeinfo} or with one of the Emacs commands, such
as @code{M-x texinfo-format-buffer}.  Texinfo itself is a documentation
system that uses a single source file to produce both on-line
information and printed output.  You can typeset and print the
files that you read in Info.@refill

@node Options, Cursor Commands, What is Info, Top
@chapter Command Line Options
@cindex command line options
@cindex arguments, command line

GNU Info accepts several options to control the initial node being
viewed, and to specify which directories to search for Info files.  Here
is a template showing an invocation of GNU Info from the shell:

@example
info [--@var{option-name} @var{option-value}] @var{menu-item}@dots{}
@end example

The following @var{option-names} are available when invoking Info from
the shell:

@table @code
@cindex directory path
@item --directory @var{directory-path}
@itemx -d @var{directory-path}
Add @var{directory-path} to the list of directory paths searched when
Info needs to find a file.  You may issue @code{--directory} multiple
times; once for each directory which contains Info files.
Alternatively, you may specify a value for the environment variable
@code{INFOPATH}; if @code{--directory} is not given, the value of
@code{INFOPATH} is used.  The value of @code{INFOPATH} is a colon
separated list of directory names.  If you do not supply @code{INFOPATH}
or @code{--directory-path}, Info uses a default path.

@item --file @var{filename}
@itemx -f @var{filename}
@cindex Info file, selecting
Specify a particular Info file to visit.  By default, Info visits
the file @code{dir}; if you use this option, Info will start with
@code{(@var{filename})Top} as the first file and node.

@item --index-search @var{string}
@cindex index search, selecting
@cindex online help, using Info as
Go to the index entry @var{string} in the Info file specified with
@samp{--file}.  If no such entry, print @samp{no entries found} and exit
with nonzero status.  This can used from another program as a way to
provide online help.

@item --node @var{nodename}
@itemx -n @var{nodename}
@cindex node, selecting
Specify a particular node to visit in the initial file that Info
loads.  This is especially useful in conjunction with
@code{--file}@footnote{Of course, you can specify both the file and node
in a @code{--node} command; but don't forget to escape the open and
close parentheses from the shell as in: @code{info --node
"(emacs)Buffers"}}.  You may specify @code{--node} multiple times; for
an interactive Info, each @var{nodename} is visited in its own window,
for a non-interactive Info (such as when @code{--output} is given) each
@var{nodename} is processed sequentially.

@item --output @var{filename}
@itemx -o @var{filename}
@cindex file, outputting to
@cindex outputting to a file
Specify @var{filename} as the name of a file to which to direct output.
Each node that Info visits will be output to @var{filename} instead of
interactively viewed.  A value of @code{-} for @var{filename} specifies
the standard output.

@item --subnodes
@cindex @code{--subnodes}, command line option
This option only has meaning when given in conjunction with
@code{--output}.  It means to recursively output the nodes appearing in
the menus of each node being output.  Menu items which resolve to
external Info files are not output, and neither are menu items which are
members of an index.  Each node is only output once.

@item --help
@itemx -h
Produces a relatively brief description of the available Info options.

@item --version
@cindex version information
Prints the version information of Info and exits.

@item @var{menu-item}
@cindex menu, following
Info treats its remaining arguments as the names of menu items.  The
first argument is a menu item in the initial node visited, while
the second argument is a menu item in the first argument's node.
You can easily move to the node of your choice by specifying the menu
names which describe the path to that node.  For example,

@example
info emacs buffers
@end example

@noindent
first selects the menu item @samp{Emacs} in the node @samp{(dir)Top},
and then selects the menu item @samp{Buffers} in the node
@samp{(emacs)Top}.
@end table

@node Cursor Commands, Scrolling Commands, Options, Top
@chapter Moving the Cursor
@cindex cursor, moving

Many people find that reading screens of text page by page is made
easier when one is able to indicate particular pieces of text with some
kind of pointing device.  Since this is the case, GNU Info (both the
Emacs and standalone versions) have several commands which allow you to
move the cursor about the screen.  The notation used in this manual to
describe keystrokes is identical to the notation used within the Emacs
manual, and the GNU Readline manual.  @xref{Characters, , Character
Conventions, emacs, the GNU Emacs Manual}, if you are unfamiliar with the
notation.

The following table lists the basic cursor movement commands in Info.
Each entry consists of the key sequence you should type to execute the
cursor movement, the @code{M-x}@footnote{@code{M-x} is also a command; it
invokes @code{execute-extended-command}.  @xref{M-x, , Executing an
extended command, emacs, the GNU Emacs Manual}, for more detailed
information.} command name (displayed in parentheses), and a short
description of what the command does.  All of the cursor motion commands
can take an @dfn{numeric} argument (@pxref{Miscellaneous Commands,
@code{universal-argument}}), to find out how to supply them.  With a
numeric argument, the motion commands are simply executed that
many times; for example, a numeric argument of 4 given to
@code{next-line} causes the cursor to move down 4 lines.  With a
negative numeric argument, the motion is reversed; an argument of -4
given to the @code{next-line} command would cause the cursor to move
@emph{up} 4 lines.

@table @asis
@item @code{C-n} (@code{next-line})
@kindex C-n
@findex next-line
Move the cursor down to the next line.

@item @code{C-p} (@code{prev-line})
@kindex C-p
@findex prev-line
Move the cursor up to the previous line.

@item @code{C-a} (@code{beginning-of-line})
@kindex C-a, in Info windows
@findex beginning-of-line
Move the cursor to the start of the current line.

@item @code{C-e} (@code{end-of-line})
@kindex C-e, in Info windows
@findex end-of-line
Move the cursor to the end of the current line.

@item @code{C-f} (@code{forward-char})
@kindex C-f, in Info windows
@findex forward-char
Move the cursor forward a character.

@item @code{C-b} (@code{backward-char})
@kindex C-b, in Info windows
@findex backward-char
Move the cursor backward a character.

@item @code{M-f} (@code{forward-word})
@kindex M-f, in Info windows
@findex forward-word
Move the cursor forward a word.

@item @code{M-b} (@code{backward-word})
@kindex M-b, in Info windows
@findex backward-word
Move the cursor backward a word.

@item @code{M-<} (@code{beginning-of-node})
@itemx @code{b}
@kindex b, in Info windows
@kindex M-<
@findex beginning-of-node
Move the cursor to the start of the current node.

@item @code{M->} (@code{end-of-node})
@kindex M->
@findex end-of-node
Move the cursor to the end of the current node.

@item @code{M-r} (@code{move-to-window-line})
@kindex M-r
@findex move-to-window-line
Move the cursor to a specific line of the window.  Without a numeric
argument, @code{M-r} moves the cursor to the start of the line in the
center of the window.  With a numeric argument of @var{n}, @code{M-r}
moves the cursor to the start of the @var{n}th line in the window.
@end table

@node Scrolling Commands, Node Commands, Cursor Commands, Top
@chapter Moving Text Within a Window
@cindex scrolling

Sometimes you are looking at a screenful of text, and only part of the
current paragraph you are reading is visible on the screen.  The
commands detailed in this section are used to shift which part of the
current node is visible on the screen.

@table @asis
@item @code{SPC} (@code{scroll-forward})
@itemx @code{C-v}
@kindex SPC, in Info windows
@kindex C-v
@findex scroll-forward
Shift the text in this window up.  That is, show more of the node which
is currently below the bottom of the window.  With a numeric argument,
show that many more lines at the bottom of the window; a numeric
argument of 4 would shift all of the text in the window up 4 lines
(discarding the top 4 lines), and show you four new lines at the bottom
of the window.  Without a numeric argument, @key{SPC} takes the bottom
two lines of the window and places them at the top of the window,
redisplaying almost a completely new screenful of lines.

@item @code{DEL} (@code{scroll-backward})
@itemx @code{M-v}
@kindex DEL, in Info windows
@kindex M-v
@findex scroll-backward
Shift the text in this window down.  The inverse of
@code{scroll-forward}.
@end table