info.texi

gcc-2.95.3 Linux下最常用的C编译器

\input texinfo    @c -*-texinfo-*-
@comment %**start of header 
@setfilename info.info
@settitle Info 1.0
@comment %**end of header 
@comment $Id: info.texi,v 1.1.1.2 1998/03/24 18:20:37 law Exp $

@dircategory Texinfo documentation system
@direntry
* Info: (info).                 Documentation browsing system.
@end direntry

@ifinfo
This file describes how to use Info, 
the on-line, menu-driven GNU documentation system.

Copyright (C) 1989, 92, 96, 97 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
are preserved on all copies.

@ignore
Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).

@end ignore
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved
by the Free Software Foundation.
@end ifinfo

@titlepage
@title Info
@subtitle The online, menu-driven GNU documentation system
@author Brian Fox
@page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.
@sp 2

Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
59 Temple Place - Suite 330 @*
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
are preserved on all copies.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved
by the Free Software Foundation.
@end titlepage

@ifinfo
@node Top, Getting Started, , (dir)
@top Info: An Introduction

Info is a program for reading documentation, which you are using now.

To learn how to use Info, type the command @kbd{h}.  It brings you
to a programmed instruction sequence.

@c Need to make sure that `Info-help' goes to the right node, 
@c which is the first node of the first chapter. (It should.) 
@c   (Info-find-node "info"
@c                (if (< (window-height) 23)
@c                    "Help-Small-Screen"
@c                  "Help")))

To learn advanced Info commands, type @kbd{n} twice.  This brings you to
@cite{Info for Experts}, skipping over the `Getting Started' chapter.
@end ifinfo

@menu
* Getting Started::             Getting started using an Info reader.
* Advanced Info::               Advanced commands within Info.
* Create an Info File::         How to make your own Info file.
* The Standalone Info Program: (info-stnd.info).
@end menu

@node Getting Started, Advanced Info, Top, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@chapter Getting Started

This first part of the Info manual describes how to get around inside
of Info.  The second part of the manual describes various advanced
Info commands, and how to write an Info as distinct from a Texinfo
file.  The third part is about how to generate Info files from 
Texinfo files.

@iftex
This manual is primarily designed for use on a computer, so that you can
try Info commands while reading about them.  Reading it on paper is less
effective, since you must take it on faith that the commands described
really do what the manual says.  By all means go through this manual now
that you have it; but please try going through the on-line version as
well.  

There are two ways of looking at the online version of this manual:

@enumerate
@item
Type @code{info} at your shell's command line.  This approach uses a
small stand-alone program designed just to read Info files.

@item
Type @code{emacs} at the command line; then type @kbd{C-h i} (Control
@kbd{h}, followed by @kbd{i}).  This approach uses the Info mode of the
Emacs program, an editor with many other capabilities.
@end enumerate

In either case, then type @kbd{mInfo} (just the letters), followed by
@key{RET}---the ``Return'' or ``Enter'' key.  At this point, you should
be ready to follow the instructions in this manual as you read them on
the screen.
@c FIXME! ([e-mail], 14 dec 1992)
@c Is it worth worrying about what-if the beginner goes to somebody
@c else's Emacs session, which already has an Info running in the middle
@c of something---in which case these simple instructions won't work?
@end iftex

@menu
* Help-Small-Screen::   Starting Info on a Small Screen
* Help::                How to use Info
* Help-P::              Returning to the Previous node
* Help-^L::             The Space, Rubout, B and ^L commands.
* Help-M::              Menus
* Help-Adv::            Some advanced Info commands
* Help-Q::              Quitting Info
@end menu

@node Help-Small-Screen, Help,  , Getting Started
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Starting Info on a Small Screen

@iftex
(In Info, you only see this section if your terminal has a small
number of lines; most readers pass by it without seeing it.)
@end iftex

Since your terminal has an unusually small number of lines on its
screen, it is necessary to give you special advice at the beginning.

If you see the text @samp{--All----} at near the bottom right corner
of the screen, it means the entire text you are looking at fits on the
screen.  If you see @samp{--Top----} instead, it means that there is
more text below that does not fit.  To move forward through the text
and see another screen full, press the Space bar, @key{SPC}.  To move
back up, press the key labeled @samp{Backspace} or @key{Delete}.

@ifinfo
Here are 40 lines of junk, so you can try Spaces and Deletes and
see what they do.  At the end are instructions of what you should do
next.

This is line 17 @*
This is line 18 @*
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This is line 54 @*
This is line 55 @*
This is line 56 @*

If you have managed to get here, go back to the beginning with
Delete, and come back here again, then you understand Space and
Delete.  So now type an @kbd{n} ---just one character; don't type
the quotes and don't type the Return key afterward--- to
get to the normal start of the course.
@end ifinfo

@node Help, Help-P, Help-Small-Screen, Getting Started
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section How to use Info

You are talking to the program Info, for reading documentation.

  Right now you are looking at one @dfn{Node} of Information.
A node contains text describing a specific topic at a specific
level of detail.  This node's topic is ``how to use Info''.

  The top line of a node is its @dfn{header}.  This node's header (look at
it now) says that it is the node named @samp{Help} in the file
@file{info}.  It says that the @samp{Next} node after this one is the node
called @samp{Help-P}.  An advanced Info command lets you go to any node
whose name you know.

  Besides a @samp{Next}, a node can have a @samp{Previous} or an @samp{Up}.
This node has a @samp{Previous} but no @samp{Up}, as you can see.

  Now it is time to move on to the @samp{Next} node, named @samp{Help-P}.

>> Type @samp{n} to move there.  Type just one character;
   do not type the quotes and do not type a @key{RET} afterward.

@samp{>>} in the margin means it is really time to try a command.

@node Help-P, Help-^L, Help, Getting Started
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Returning to the Previous node

This node is called @samp{Help-P}.  The @samp{Previous} node, as you see,
is @samp{Help}, which is the one you just came from using the @kbd{n}
command.  Another @kbd{n} command now would take you to the next
node, @samp{Help-^L}.

>> But do not do that yet.  First, try the @kbd{p} command, which takes
   you to the @samp{Previous} node.  When you get there, you can do an
   @kbd{n} again to return here.

  This all probably seems insultingly simple so far, but @emph{do not} be
led into skimming.  Things will get more complicated soon.  Also,
do not try a new command until you are told it is time to.  Otherwise,
you may make Info skip past an important warning that was coming up.

>> Now do an @kbd{n} to get to the node @samp{Help-^L} and learn more.

@node Help-^L, Help-M, Help-P, Getting Started
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section The Space, Delete, B and ^L commands.

  This node's header tells you that you are now at node @samp{Help-^L}, and
that @kbd{p} would get you back to @samp{Help-P}.  The node's title is
underlined; it says what the node is about (most nodes have titles).

  This is a big node and it does not all fit on your display screen.
You can tell that there is more that is not visible because you
can see the string @samp{--Top-----} rather than @samp{--All----} near
the bottom right corner of the screen.

  The Space, Delete and @kbd{B} commands exist to allow you to ``move
around'' in a node that does not all fit on the screen at once.
Space moves forward, to show what was below the bottom of the screen.
Delete moves backward, to show what was above the top of the screen
(there is not anything above the top until you have typed some spaces).

>> Now try typing a Space (afterward, type a Delete to return here).

  When you type the space, the two lines that were at the bottom of
the screen appear at the top, followed by more lines.  Delete takes
the two lines from the top and moves them to the bottom,
@emph{usually}, but if there are not a full screen's worth of lines
above them they may not make it all the way to the bottom.

  If you type Space when there is no more to see, it rings the
bell and otherwise does nothing.  The same goes for Delete when
the header of the node is visible.

  If your screen is ever garbaged, you can tell Info to print it out
again by typing @kbd{C-l} (@kbd{Control-L}, that is---hold down ``Control'' and
type an @key{L} or @kbd{l}).

>> Type @kbd{C-l} now.

  To move back to the beginning of the node you are on, you can type
a lot of Deletes.  You can also type simply @kbd{b} for beginning.