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<TITLE> 关系及逻辑运算 </TITLE>
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<H1><FONT SIZE=6 COLOR=#0000FF>4.3.1 关系及逻辑运算 </FONT><FONT FACE="新细明体"></FONT>
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在执行关系及逻辑运算时,MATLAB 将输入的不为零的数值都视为真 (True)而为零的数值则视为否
(False)。 运算的输出值将判断为真者以 1 表示而判断为否者以 0 表示。MATLAB
提供以下的关系判断及逻辑的运算 元:
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符号 关系的意义
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000><</FONT> 小于
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000><=</FONT> 小于等于
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>></FONT> 大于
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>>=</FONT> 大于等于
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>==</FONT> 等于
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>~=</FONT> 不等于
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>&</FONT> 逻辑<TT> </TT><FONT COLOR=#FF0000>and</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>|</FONT> 逻辑<TT> </TT><FONT COLOR=#FF0000>or</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>~</FONT> 逻辑<TT> </TT><FONT COLOR=#FF0000>not
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上述的各个运算元须用在二个大小相同的阵列或是矩阵的比较,以下有几个例子:
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>>> a=1:5, b=5-a,</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>a =</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>1 2 3 4 5</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>b =</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>4 3 2 1 0</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>>> tf= a>4</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>tf =</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>0 0 0 0 1</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>>> tf= a==b</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>tf =</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>0 0 0 0 0</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>>> tf= b-(a>2)</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>tf =</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>4 3 1 0 -1</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>>> tf= ~(a>4)</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>tf =</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>1 1 1 1 0</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>>> tf= (a>2)&(a<6)</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>tf =</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>0 0 1 1 1<BR>
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以下是算式利用关系及逻辑运算产生一不连续的讯号
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>>> x=linspace(0,10,100); % 产生数据</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>>> y=sin(x); % 产生 sine 函数</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>>> z=(y>=0).*y; % 将 sin(x) 的负值设为零</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>>> z=z + 0.5*(y<0); % 再将上式的值加上0.5</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>>> z=(x<8).*z; % 将大于 x=8 以后的值设为零</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>>> hold on</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>>> plot(x,z)</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>>> xlabel('x'),ylabel('z=f(x)')</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>>> title('A discontinuous signal')</FONT>
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<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>>> hold off<BR>
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除了上述的运算元之外,尚有以下的逻辑关系函数:<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>xor(x,y)</FONT>,<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>
any(x)</FONT>,<FONT COLOR=#FF0000> all(x)</FONT>,<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>
isnan(x)</FONT>,<FONT COLOR=#FF0000> isinf(x)</FONT>,<FONT COLOR=#FF0000>
finite(x)</FONT>,<FONT COLOR=#FF0000> find(x)</FONT>,其 使用方式详见线上说明。
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