📄 我的dll动态链接库学习笔记.htm
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<p class=MsoNormal style='word-break:break-all'><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <br>
DLL(Dynamic Link Libraries)</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:
Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>专题：</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'><br>
<br>
</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>比较大的应用程序都由很多模块组成，这些模块分别完成相对独立的功能，它们彼此协作来完成整个软件系统的工作。可能存在一些模块的功能较为通用，在构造其它软件系统时仍会被使用。在构造软件系统时，如果将所有模块的源代码都静态编译到整个应用程序</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>EXE</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>文件中，会产生一些问题：一个缺点是增加了应用程序的大小，它会占用更多的磁盘空间，程序运行时也会消耗较大的内存空间，造成系统资源的浪费；另一个缺点是，在编写大的</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>EXE</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>程序时，在每次修改重建时都必须调整编译所有源代码，增加了编译过程的复杂性，也不利于阶段性的单元测试。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <br>
<br>
Windows</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>系统平台上提供了一种完全不同的较有效的编程和运行环境，你可以将独立的程序模块创建为较小的</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL(Dynamic Linkable Library)</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>文件，并可对它们单独编译和测试。在运行时，只有当</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>EXE</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>程序确实要调用这些</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>模块的情况下，系统才会将它们装载到内存空间中。这种方式不仅减少了</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>EXE</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>文件的大小和对内存空间的需求，而且使这些</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>模块可以同时被多个应用程序使用。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>Windows</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>自己就将一些主要的系统功能以</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>模块的形式实现。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <br>
<br>
</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>一般来说，</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>是一种磁盘文件，以</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>.DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>、</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>.DRV</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>、</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>.FON</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>、</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>.SYS</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>和许多以</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>.EXE</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>为扩展名的系统文件都可以是</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>。它由全局数据、服务函数和资源组成，在运行时被系统加载到进程的虚拟空间中，成为调用进程的一部分。如果与其它</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>之间没有冲突，该文件通常映射到进程虚拟空间的同一地址上。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>模块中包含各种导出函数，用于向外界提供服务。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>可以有自己的数据段，但没有自己的堆栈，使用与调用它的应用程序相同的堆栈模式；一个</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>在内存中只有一个实例；</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>实现了代码封装性；</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>的编制与具体的编程语言及编译器无关。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <br>
<br>
</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>在</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>Win32</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>环境中，每个进程都复制了自己的读</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>/</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>写全局变量。如果想要与其它进程共享内存，必须使用内存映射文件或者声明一个共享数据段。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>模块需要的堆栈内存都是从运行进程的堆栈中分配出来的。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>Windows</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>在加载</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>模块时将进程函数调用与</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>文件的导出函数相匹配。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>Windows</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>操作系统对</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>的操作仅仅是把</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>映射到需要它的进程的虚拟地址空间里去。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>函数中的代码所创建的任何对象（包括变量）都归调用它的线程或进程所有</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>. <br>
<br>
</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>一、关于调用方式：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'><br>
<br>
1</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>、静态调用方式：由编译系统完成对</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>的加载和应用程序结束时</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>卸载的编码（如还有其它程序使用该</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>，则</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>Windows</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>对</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>的应用记录减</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>1</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>，直到所有相关程序都结束对该</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'>DLL</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma'>的使用时才释放它），简单实用，但不够灵活，只能满足一般要求。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma'><br>
<br>
</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma'>隐式的调用：需要把产生动态连接库时产生的</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:
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