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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /><title>Preparing Your Own Installation Media</title><meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" /><link rel="HOME" title="FreeBSD Handbook" href="index.html" /><link rel="UP" title="Installing FreeBSD" href="install.html" /><link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Advanced Installation Guide" href="install-advanced.html" /><link rel="NEXT" title="UNIX Basics" href="basics.html" /><link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /></head><body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"alink="#0000FF"><div class="NAVHEADER"><table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="0"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">FreeBSD Handbook</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="install-advanced.html"accesskey="P">Prev</a></td><td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 2 Installing FreeBSD</td><td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="basics.html"accesskey="N">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /></div><div class="SECT1"><h1 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL-DIFF-MEDIA" name="INSTALL-DIFF-MEDIA">2.13 PreparingYour Own Installation Media</a></h1><div class="NOTE"><blockquote class="NOTE"><p><b>Note:</b> To prevent repetition, ``FreeBSD disk'' in this context means a FreeBSDCDROM or DVD that you have purchased or produced yourself.</p></blockquote></div><p>There may be some situations in which you need to create your own FreeBSD installationmedia and/or source. This might be physical media, such as a tape, or a source that <bclass="APPLICATION">sysinstall</b> can use to retrieve the files, such as a local FTPsite, or an <span class="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span>® partition.</p><p>For example:</p><ul><li><p>You have many machines connected to your local network, and one FreeBSD disk. You wantto create a local FTP site using the contents of the FreeBSD disk, and then have yourmachines use this local FTP site instead of needing to connect to the Internet.</p></li><li><p>You have a FreeBSD disk, and FreeBSD does not recognize your CD/DVD drive, but <spanclass="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span>/<span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>® does. Youwant to copy the FreeBSD installations files to a DOS partition on the same computer, andthen install FreeBSD using those files.</p></li><li><p>The computer you want to install on does not have a CD/DVD drive or a network card,but you can connect a ``Laplink-style'' serial or parallel cable to a computer thatdoes.</p></li><li><p>You want to create a tape that can be used to install FreeBSD.</p></li></ul><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="INSTALL-CDROM" name="INSTALL-CDROM">2.13.1 Creating anInstallation CDROM</a></h2><p>As part of each release, the FreeBSD project makes available two CDROM images (``ISOimages''). These images can be written (``burned'') to CDs if you have a CD writer, andthen used to install FreeBSD. If you have a CD writer, and bandwidth is cheap, then thisis the easiest way to install FreeBSD.</p><div class="PROCEDURE"><ol type="1"><li><p><b>Download the Correct ISO Images</b></p><p>The ISO images for each release can be downloaded from <ttclass="FILENAME">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ISO-IMAGES-<varclass="REPLACEABLE">arch</var>/<var class="REPLACEABLE">version</var></tt> or the closestmirror. Substitute <var class="REPLACEABLE">arch</var> and <varclass="REPLACEABLE">version</var> as appropriate.</p><p>That directory will normally contain the following images:</p><div class="TABLE"><a id="AEN3359" name="AEN3359"></a><p><b>Table 2-5. FreeBSD ISO Image Names and Meanings</b></p><table border="0" frame="void" class="CALSTABLE"><col /><col /><thead><tr><th>Filename</th><th>Contains</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><tt class="FILENAME"><var class="REPLACEABLE">version</var>-mini.iso</tt></td><td>Everything you need to install FreeBSD.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="FILENAME"><var class="REPLACEABLE">version</var>-disc1.iso</tt></td><td>Everything you need to install FreeBSD, and as many additional third party packagesas would fit on the disc.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="FILENAME"><var class="REPLACEABLE">version</var>-disc2.iso</tt></td><td>A ``live filesystem'', which is used in conjunction with the ``Repair'' facility in<b class="APPLICATION">sysinstall</b>. A copy of the FreeBSD CVS tree. As many additionalthird party packages as would fit on the disc.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>You <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> download one of eitherthe mini ISO image, or the image of disc one. Do not download both of them, since thedisc one image contains everything that the mini ISO image contains.</p><p>Use the mini ISO if Internet access is cheap for you. It will let you install FreeBSD,and you can then install third party packages by downloading them using theports/packages system (see <a href="ports.html">Chapter 4</a>) as necessary.</p><p>Use the image of disc one if you want a reasonable selection of third party packageson the disc as well.</p><p>The additional disc images are useful, but not essential, especially if you havehigh-speed access to the Internet.</p></li><li><p><b>Write the CDs</b></p><p>You must then write the CD images to disc. If you will be doing this on anotherFreeBSD system then see <a href="creating-cds.html">Section 16.6</a> for more information(in particular, <a href="creating-cds.html#BURNCD">Section 16.6.3</a> and <ahref="creating-cds.html#CDRECORD">Section 16.6.4</a>).</p><p>If you will be doing this on another platform then you will need to use whateverutilities exist to control your CD writer on that platform. The images provided are inthe standard ISO format, which many CD writing applications support.</p></li></ol></div></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="INSTALL-FTP" name="INSTALL-FTP">2.13.2 Creating a Local FTP Sitewith a FreeBSD Disk</a></h2><p>FreeBSD disks are laid out in the same way as the FTP site. This makes it very easyfor you to create a local FTP site that can be used by other machines on your networkwhen installing FreeBSD.</p><div class="PROCEDURE"><ol type="1"><li><p>On the FreeBSD computer that will host the FTP site, ensure that the CDROM is in thedrive, and mounted on <tt class="FILENAME">/cdrom</tt>.</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mount /cdrom</kbd></pre></li><li><p>Create an account for anonymous FTP in <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/passwd</tt>. Do thisby editing <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/passwd</tt> using <ahref="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8"><spanclass="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a> and addingthis line:</p><pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent</pre></li><li><p>Ensure that the FTP service is enabled in <ttclass="FILENAME">/etc/inetd.conf</tt>.</p></li></ol></div><p>Anyone with network connectivity to your machine can now chose a media type of FTP andtype in <kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://<var class="REPLACEABLE">your machine</var></kbd>after picking ``Other'' in the FTP sites menu during the install.</p><div class="WARNING"><blockquote class="WARNING"><p><b>Warning:</b> This approach is OK for a machine that is on your local network, andthat is protected by your firewall. Offering up FTP services to other machines over theInternet (and not your local network) exposes your computer to the attention of crackersand other undesirables. We strongly recommend that you follow good security practices ifyou do this.</p></blockquote></div></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3429" name="AEN3429">2.13.3 Creating InstallationFloppies</a></h2><p>If you must install from floppy disk (which we suggest you do <spanclass="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> do), either due to unsupportedhardware or simply because you insist on doing things the hard way, you must firstprepare some floppies for the installation.</p><p>At a minimum, you will need as many 1.44 MB or 1.2 MB floppies as it takesto hold all the files in the <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution)directory. If you are preparing the floppies from DOS, then they <spanclass="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> be formatted using the <spanclass="TRADEMARK">MS-DOS</span> <tt class="COMMAND">FORMAT</tt> command. If you are using<span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>, use Explorer to format the disks (right-click on⌨️ 快捷键说明
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