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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /><title>FreeBSD Glossary</title><meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" /><link rel="HOME" title="FreeBSD Handbook" href="index.html" /><link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Developers" href="pgpkeys-developers.html" /><link rel="NEXT" title="Colophon" href="colophon.html" /><link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /></head><body class="GLOSSARY" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"alink="#0000FF"><div class="NAVHEADER"><table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="0"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">FreeBSD Handbook</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="pgpkeys-developers.html"accesskey="P">Prev</a></td><td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom"></td><td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="colophon.html"accesskey="N">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /></div><div class="GLOSSARY"><h1><a id="FREEBSD-GLOSSARY" name="FREEBSD-GLOSSARY"></a>FreeBSD Glossary</h1><p>This glossary contains terms and acronyms used within the FreeBSD community anddocumentation.</p><div class="GLOSSDIV"><h1 class="GLOSSDIV"><a id="AEN44242" name="AEN44242">A</a></h1><dl><dt><b>ACL</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#ACL-GLOSSARY">Access Control List</a></p></dd><dt><b>ACPI</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#ACPI-GLOSSARY">Advanced Configuration andPower Interface</a></p></dd><dt><b>AMD</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#AMD-GLOSSARY">Automatic MountDaemon</a></p></dd><dt><b>AML</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#AML-GLOSSARY"><acronymclass="ACRONYM">ACPI</acronym> Machine Language</a></p></dd><dt><b>APIC</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#APIC-GLOSSARY">Advanced ProgrammableInterrupt Controller</a></p></dd><dt><b>APM</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#APM-GLOSSARY">Advanced PowerManagement</a></p></dd><dt><b>APOP</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#APOP-GLOSSARY">Authenticated Post OfficeProtocol</a></p></dd><dt><b>ASL</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#ASL-GLOSSARY"><acronymclass="ACRONYM">ACPI</acronym> Source Language</a></p></dd><dt><b>ATA</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#ATA-GLOSSARY">Advanced TechnologyAttachment</a></p></dd><dt><b>ATM</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#ATM-GLOSSARY">Asynchronous TransferMode</a></p></dd><dt><a id="AML-GLOSSARY" name="AML-GLOSSARY"></a><b><acronymclass="ACRONYM">ACPI</acronym> Machine Language</b></dt><dt>(AML)</dt><dd><p>Pseudocode, interpreted by a virtual machine within an <acronymclass="ACRONYM">ACPI</acronym>-compliant operating system, providing a layer between theunderlying hardware and the documented interface presented to the <acronymclass="ACRONYM">OS</acronym>.</p></dd><dt><a id="ASL-GLOSSARY" name="ASL-GLOSSARY"></a><b><acronymclass="ACRONYM">ACPI</acronym> Source Language</b></dt><dt>(ASL)</dt><dd><p>The programming language <acronym class="ACRONYM">AML</acronym> is written in.</p></dd><dt><a id="ACL-GLOSSARY" name="ACL-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Access Control List</b></dt><dt>(ACL)</dt><dt><a id="ACPI-GLOSSARY" name="ACPI-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Advanced Configuration and PowerInterface</b></dt><dt>(ACPI)</dt><dd><p>A specification which provides an abstraction of the interface the hardware presentsto the operating system, so that the operating system should need to know nothing aboutthe underlying hardware to make the most of it. <acronym class="ACRONYM">ACPI</acronym>evolves and supercedes the functionality provided previously by <acronymclass="ACRONYM">APM</acronym>, <acronym class="ACRONYM">PNPBIOS</acronym> and othertechnologies, and provides facilities for controlling power consumption, machinesuspension, device enabling and disabling, etc.</p></dd><dt><a id="APM-GLOSSARY" name="APM-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Advanced Power Management</b></dt><dt>(APM)</dt><dt><a id="APIC-GLOSSARY" name="APIC-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Advanced Programmable InterruptController</b></dt><dt>(APIC)</dt><dt><a id="ATA-GLOSSARY" name="ATA-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Advanced TechnologyAttachment</b></dt><dt>(ATA)</dt><dt><a id="ATM-GLOSSARY" name="ATM-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Asynchronous Transfer Mode</b></dt><dt>(ATM)</dt><dt><a id="APOP-GLOSSARY" name="APOP-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Authenticated Post OfficeProtocol</b></dt><dt>(APOP)</dt><dt><a id="AMD-GLOSSARY" name="AMD-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Automatic Mount Daemon</b></dt><dt>(AMD)</dt><dd><p>A daemon that automatically mounts a filesystem when a file or directory within thatfilesystem is accessed.</p></dd></dl></div><div class="GLOSSDIV"><h1 class="GLOSSDIV"><a id="AEN44332" name="AEN44332">B</a></h1><dl><dt><b>BIND</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#BIND-GLOSSARY">Berkeley Internet NameDomain</a></p></dd><dt><b>BIOS</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#BIOS-GLOSSARY">Basic Input/OutputSystem</a></p></dd><dt><b>BSD</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#BSD-GLOSSARY">Berkeley SoftwareDistribution</a></p></dd><dt><a id="BIOS-GLOSSARY" name="BIOS-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Basic Input/Output System</b></dt><dt>(BIOS)</dt><dt><a id="BIND-GLOSSARY" name="BIND-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Berkeley Internet NameDomain</b></dt><dt>(BIND)</dt><dt><a id="BSD-GLOSSARY" name="BSD-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Berkeley SoftwareDistribution</b></dt><dt>(BSD)</dt><dd><p>This is the name that the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) at <ahref="http://www.berkeley.edu" target="_top">The University of California at Berkeley</a>gave to their improvements and modifications to AT&T's 32V <spanclass="TRADEMARK">UNIX</span>®. FreeBSD is a descendant of the CSRG work.</p></dd><dt><a id="BIKESHED-GLOSSARY" name="BIKESHED-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Bikeshed Building</b></dt><dd><p>A phenomenon whereby many people will give an opinion on an uncomplicated topic,whilst a complex topic receives little or no discussion. See the <ahref="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/misc.html#BIKESHED-PAINTING"target="_top">FAQ</a> for the origin of the term.</p></dd></dl></div><div class="GLOSSDIV"><h1 class="GLOSSDIV"><a id="AEN44365" name="AEN44365">C</a></h1><dl><dt><b>CD</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#CD-GLOSSARY">Carrier Detect</a></p></dd><dt><b>CHAP</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#CHAP-GLOSSARY">Challenge HandshakeAuthentication Protocol</a></p></dd><dt><b>CLIP</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#CLIP-GLOSSARY">Classical <acronymclass="ACRONYM">IP</acronym> over <acronym class="ACRONYM">ATM</acronym></a></p></dd><dt><b>COFF</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#COFF-GLOSSARY">Common Object FileFormat</a></p></dd><dt><b>CPU</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#CPU-GLOSSARY">Central ProcessingUnit</a></p></dd><dt><b>CTS</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#CTS-GLOSSARY">Clear To Send</a></p></dd><dt><b>CVS</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#CVS-GLOSSARY">Concurrent VersionsSystem</a></p></dd><dt><a id="CD-GLOSSARY" name="CD-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Carrier Detect</b></dt><dt>(CD)</dt><dd><p>An RS232C signal indicating that a carrier has been detected.</p></dd><dt><a id="CPU-GLOSSARY" name="CPU-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Central Processing Unit</b></dt><dt>(CPU)</dt><dt><a id="CHAP-GLOSSARY" name="CHAP-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Challenge Handshake AuthenticationProtocol</b></dt><dt>(CHAP)</dt><dt><a id="CLIP-GLOSSARY" name="CLIP-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Classical <acronymclass="ACRONYM">IP</acronym> over <acronym class="ACRONYM">ATM</acronym></b></dt><dt>(CLIP)</dt><dt><a id="CTS-GLOSSARY" name="CTS-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Clear To Send</b></dt><dt>(CTS)</dt><dd><p>An RS232C signal giving the remote system permission to send data.</p></dd><dt><a id="COFF-GLOSSARY" name="COFF-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Common Object File Format</b></dt><dt>(COFF)</dt><dt><a id="CVS-GLOSSARY" name="CVS-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Concurrent Versions System</b></dt><dt>(CVS)</dt></dl></div><div class="GLOSSDIV"><h1 class="GLOSSDIV"><a id="AEN44425" name="AEN44425">D</a></h1><dl><dt><b>DAC</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#DAC-GLOSSARY">Discretionary AccessControl</a></p></dd><dt><b>DDB</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#DDB-GLOSSARY">Debugger</a></p></dd><dt><b>DES</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#DES-GLOSSARY">Data EncryptionStandard</a></p></dd><dt><b>DHCP</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#DHCP-GLOSSARY">Dynamic Host ConfigurationProtocol</a></p></dd><dt><b>DNS</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#DNS-GLOSSARY">Domain Name System</a></p></dd><dt><b>DSDT</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#DSDT-GLOSSARY">Differentiated SystemDescription Table</a></p></dd><dt><b>DSR</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#DSR-GLOSSARY">Data Set Ready</a></p></dd><dt><b>DTR</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#DTR-GLOSSARY">Data Terminal Ready</a></p></dd><dt><b>DVMRP</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#DVMRP-GLOSSARY">Distance-Vector MulticastRouting Protocol</a></p></dd><dt><a id="DAC-GLOSSARY" name="DAC-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Discretionary Access Control</b></dt><dt>(DAC)</dt><dt><a id="DES-GLOSSARY" name="DES-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Data Encryption Standard</b></dt><dt>(DES)</dt><dt><a id="DSR-GLOSSARY" name="DSR-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Data Set Ready</b></dt><dt>(DSR)</dt><dt><a id="DTR-GLOSSARY" name="DTR-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Data Terminal Ready</b></dt><dt>(DTR)</dt><dt><a id="DDB-GLOSSARY" name="DDB-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Debugger</b></dt><dt>(DDB)</dt><dt><a id="DSDT-GLOSSARY" name="DSDT-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Differentiated System DescriptionTable</b></dt><dt>(DSDT)</dt><dt><a id="DVMRP-GLOSSARY" name="DVMRP-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Distance-Vector Multicast RoutingProtocol</b></dt><dt>(DVMRP)</dt><dt><a id="DNS-GLOSSARY" name="DNS-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Domain Name System</b></dt><dt>(DNS)</dt><dt><a id="DHCP-GLOSSARY" name="DHCP-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Dynamic Host ConfigurationProtocol</b></dt><dt>(DHCP)</dt></dl></div><div class="GLOSSDIV"><h1 class="GLOSSDIV"><a id="AEN44499" name="AEN44499">E</a></h1><dl><dt><b>ECOFF</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#ECOFF-GLOSSARY">Extended <acronymclass="ACRONYM">COFF</acronym></a></p></dd><dt><b>ELF</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#ELF-GLOSSARY">Executable and LinkingFormat</a></p></dd><dt><b>ESP</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#ESP-GLOSSARY">Encapsulated SecurityPayload</a></p></dd><dt><a id="ESP-GLOSSARY" name="ESP-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Encapsulated SecurityPayload</b></dt><dt>(ESP)</dt><dt><a id="ELF-GLOSSARY" name="ELF-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Executable and LinkingFormat</b></dt><dt>(ELF)</dt><dt><a id="ECOFF-GLOSSARY" name="ECOFF-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Extended <acronymclass="ACRONYM">COFF</acronym></b></dt><dt>(ECOFF)</dt></dl></div><div class="GLOSSDIV"><h1 class="GLOSSDIV"><a id="AEN44526" name="AEN44526">F</a></h1><dl><dt><b>FADT</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#FADT-GLOSSARY">Fixed <acronymclass="ACRONYM">ACPI</acronym> Description Table</a></p></dd><dt><b>FAT</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#FAT-GLOSSARY">File AllocationTable</a></p></dd><dt><b>FAT16</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#FAT16-GLOSSARY">File Allocation Table(16-bit)</a></p></dd><dt><b>FTP</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#FTP-GLOSSARY">File TransferProtocol</a></p></dd><dt><a id="FAT-GLOSSARY" name="FAT-GLOSSARY"></a><b>File Allocation Table</b></dt><dt>(FAT)</dt><dt><a id="FAT16-GLOSSARY" name="FAT16-GLOSSARY"></a><b>File Allocation Table(16-bit)</b></dt><dt>(FAT16)</dt><dt><a id="FTP-GLOSSARY" name="FTP-GLOSSARY"></a><b>File Transfer Protocol</b></dt><dt>(FTP)</dt><dt><a id="FADT-GLOSSARY" name="FADT-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Fixed <acronymclass="ACRONYM">ACPI</acronym> Description Table</b></dt><dt>(FADT)</dt></dl></div><div class="GLOSSDIV"><h1 class="GLOSSDIV"><a id="AEN44561" name="AEN44561">G</a></h1><dl><dt><b>GUI</b></dt><dd><p><em>See:</em> <a href="freebsd-glossary.html#GUI-GLOSSARY">Graphical UserInterface</a></p></dd><dt><a id="GIANT-GLOSSARY" name="GIANT-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Giant</b></dt><dd><p>The name of a mutual exclusion mechanism (a <var class="LITERAL">sleep mutex</var>)that protects a large set of kernel resources. Although a simple locking mechanism wasadequate in the days where a machine might have only a few dozen processes, onenetworking card, and certainly only one processor, in current times it is an unacceptableperformance bottleneck. FreeBSD developers are actively working to replace it with locksthat protect individual resources, which will allow a much greater degree of parallelismfor both single-processor and multi-processor machines.</p></dd><dt><a id="GUI-GLOSSARY" name="GUI-GLOSSARY"></a><b>Graphical User Interface</b></dt><dt>(GUI)</dt><dd><p>A system where the user and computer interact with graphics.</p></dd></dl></div><div class="GLOSSDIV"><h1 class="GLOSSDIV"><a id="AEN44576" name="AEN44576">H</a></h1><dl><dt><b>HTML</b></dt>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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